The purpose of this study was to provide baseline data on the malaria vectors and to ascertain the possibility of successfully eliminating malaria using the existing conventional vector control measures, such as indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN).

Methods: Entomological surveys were undertaken during October 2009. To determine species composition and distribution larval surveys were conducted across on the whole island. For malaria transmission studies, adult anophelines were sampled using human landing catches from two villages – one coastal and one inland.

Results: Five Anopheles species were found on Santa Isabel: Anopheles farauti, Anopheles hinesorum, Anopheles lungae,

Anopheles solomonis, and Anopheles nataliae. find more Anopheles hinesorum was the most widespread species. Anopheles farauti was abundant, but found BGJ398 mw only on the coast. Anopheles punctulatus and Anopheles koliensis were not found. Anopheles farauti was the only species found biting in the coastal village, it was incriminated as a vector in this study; it fed early in the night but equally so indoors and outdoors, and had a low survival rate. Anopheles solomonis was the main species biting humans in the inland village, it was extremely exophagic, with low survival rates, and readily fed on pigs.

Conclusion: The disappearance of the two major vectors, An. punctulatus and An. koliensis, from Santa Isabel and the predominance

of An. hinesorum, a non-vector species may facilitate malaria elimination measures. Anopheles farauti was identified as the main coastal vector with An. solomonis as a possible inland

vector. The behaviour of An. solomonis is novel as it has not been previously found biting humans in any numbers. Both species appear to be short-lived, a characteristic that will limit their transmission potential. The early night feeding behaviour and a degree of outdoor biting seen in An. farauti and particularly in An. solomonis will require that their response to IRS and LLIN be closely monitored. In coastal villages, where large, favourable breeding sites allow for high numbers of An. farauti may require the addition of larval control to achieve elimination.”
“Some aliphatic carboxylic acids were used to produce chitosan (CS) salts by reaction www.selleckchem.com/products/pnd-1186-vs-4718.html with CS, and their antifungal activity against three kinds of phytopathogens was estimated by hypha measurement in vitro. The fungicidal assessment showed that all of the CS salts had excellent activity against the tested fungi. Their inhibitory indices were 41.15-64.15, 56.25-76.56, and 35.94-68.75% for Cladosporium cucumerinum (Ell.) et Arthur, Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey, and Fusarium oxysporum sp. Cucumis sativus L., respectively, at 1000 mu g/mL; these indices were higher than that of CS. It was confirmed that the amino groups’ protonation was important for the antifungal activity of CS derivatives.

Materials and methods: Hscen 2 was submitted to hydroxyl and azide radicals produced by radiolysis in the absence of oxygen. The resulting products were characterised by biochemical, spectroscopic and mass spectrometry techniques. Their thermodynamics parameters of complexation with C-terminal fragment of Xeroderma pigmentosum C protein (C-XPC), one of the Hscen 2 cellular partners, were quantified by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).

Results: Both hydroxyl and azide radicals induce centrin 2 polymerisation as we characterised several

intermolecular cross-links generating dimers, trimers, tetramers and higher molecular mass species. These cross-links result from the formation of a covalent bond between the only tyrosine residue (Tyr 172) located in the C-terminal region of each monomer. Remarkably, dimerisation occurs for doses as low as a few grays. Moreover, this Hscen2 dimer has a lower affinity BTSA1 and stoechiometry binding to C-XPC.

Conclusions: These results show that as oxidative radicals induce high proportions of irreversible damages (polymerisation) centrin 2 is highly sensitive Navitoclax to ionising radiation. This could have important consequences on its biological functions.”
“Structural and magnetic properties

of epitaxial Co2FeAl Heusler alloy thin films were investigated. Films were deposited on single crystal MgO (001) substrates at room temperature, followed by an annealing process at

600 degrees C. MgO and Cr buffer layers were introduced in order to enhance crystalline quality, and improve magnetic properties. Structural analyses indicate that samples have grown in the B2 ordered epitaxial structure. VSM measures show that the MgO buffered sample displays a magnetization saturation of 1010 +/- 30 emu/cm(3), and Cr buffered sample displays a magnetization saturation of 1032 +/- 40 emu/cm(3). Damping factor was studied by strip-line ferromagnetic resonance measures. We observed a maximum value for the MgO buffered sample of about 8.5 x 10(-3), and a minimum value Selleck SHP099 of 3.8 x 10(-3) for the Cr buffered one. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3549581]“
“Background: Studies have shown that the presence of left atrial (LA) fibrosis can be assessed by LA delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LA DE-CMR) and may be predictive of outcome after ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to test the hypothesis that the amount of LA fibrosis evaluated by DE-CMR correlates with the difficulty of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) ablation.

Methods: Twenty-two consecutive patients (86.4% nonparoxysmal AF) underwent substrate CFAE radiofrequency (RF) ablation (+/- Pulmonary veins isolation) with AF termination as the endpoint. LA DE-CMR was performed prior to ablation.

(C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 1350-1357, 2011″
“Background: Snacking is common in adolescents; however, it is unclear if there is an association between snacking and ACY-738 supplier overweight or obesity within the context of the overall diet.

Objective: This study examined the associations of snacking with

weight status and abdominal obesity in adolescents 12-18 y of age (n = 5811).

Design: We conducted secondary analyses of 24-h diet recalls and anthropometric data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. We classified adolescents by frequency of snack consumption (0, 1, 2, 3, and >= 4 snacks/d) and by the percentage of energy intake from snacks (0%, <10%, 10-19%, 20-29%, 30-39%, and >= 40%). We classified adolescents who had a body mass index (BMI) >= 85th percentile of BMI-for-age as overweight or obese. We defined abdominal obesity as a waist circumference >= 90th

percentile. We determined covariate-adjusted prevalences of overweight or obesity and abdominal obesity and odds ratios with SUDAAN software (release 9.0.1; Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC).

Results: Mean values of all obesity indicators studied were inversely associated with snacking frequency and percentage of energy from snacks. The prevalence of overweight or obesity and of abdominal obesity decreased with increased snacking frequency and with increased percentage of energy from snacks. Odds ratios find protocol (95% CIs) for overweight or obesity BMS-754807 cost and for abdominal obesity ranged from 0.63 (0.48, 0.85) to 0.40 (0.29, 0.57) and from 0.61 (0.43, 0.86) to 0.36 (0.21, 0.63) for 2 to >= 4 snacks/d, respectively. Reduced

risks of overweight or obesity and abdominal obesity were associated with snacking.

Conclusion: Snackers, compared with nonsnackers, were less likely to be overweight or obese and less likely to have abdominal obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92: 428-35.”
“It was demonstrated that Fe-N martensite (alpha’) films were grown epitaxially on Fe(001) seeded GaAs(001) single crystal wafer by using a facing target sputtering method. X-ray diffraction pattern implies an increasing c lattice constant as the N concentration increases in the films. Partially ordered Fe(16)N(2) films were synthesized after in situ post-annealing the as-sputtered samples with pure Fe(8)N phase. Multiple characterization techniques including XRD, XRR, TEM, and AES were used to determine the sample structure. The saturation magnetization of films with pure Fe(8)N phase measured by VSM was evaluated in the range of 2.0-2.2 T. The post annealed films show systematic and dramatic increase on the saturation magnetization, which possess an average value of 2.6 T.

Summary of Background Data. The effect of alendronate on spine fusion is still controversial. Also, there are no studies using an osteoporotic animal model to assess the effect of alendronate on spine fusion.

Methods. Forty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either sham-operation (sham) (N = 24) or bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) (N = 22). Eight weeks after the first surgery, animals underwent intertransverse spine fusion at L4-L5. Animals received saline or alendronate 70 mu g/kg/wk by subcutaneous administration once a week for 8

weeks after spinal arthrodesis. All animals Crenolanib nmr were divided into four groups: sham-control, sham-alendronate, OVX-control, and OVX-alendronate. After that the animals were killed and the fusion mass was assessed by radiographic, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scanning, and biomechanical and histologic analysis.

Results. In the radiographic study and the pQCT scanning, the area of fusion masses of animals treated with alendronate was considerably larger and denser than that of the control animals in both sham and OVX groups. In the biomechanical study, the ultimate load of the fusion mass of alendronate-treated animals was higher than that of control animals in the osteoporotic groups. Histologic analysis of sagittal sections of fusion MI-503 price mass revealed greater new bone

formation in alendronate-treated animals in osteoporotic models and significant inhibition of osteoclasts among the grafted area of alendronate-treated animals compared with the control models.

Conclusion. Alendronate was effective for radiologic, biomechanical, and histologic success of spine fusion in an osteoporotic animal model. Though much of the graft bone was not resorbed, alendronate increased biomechanical strength with ingrowth of new bone formation in osteoporotic animals. This study suggests the alendronate may improve spine fusion healing in the presence of osteoporosis.”
“With an aim to reducing manufacturing costs, in general and specifically to provide a solution to the thick laminate curing depth issue for composite materials, UV curing technology was

combined with a fiber placement process to fabricate acrylate/glass-fiber composites. A novel layer-by-layer UV in situ curing VX-770 datasheet method was employed in this article and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests and SEM were used to evaluate the effect of processing parameters, including compaction force and UV exposure dose, on ILSS. The SEM images from short-beam strength test samples and the results of ILSS showed that the fibers’ distribution was uniform in the cured matrix resin resulting from the compaction forces and that beneficially influenced the ILSS of the composite greatly. However, the matrix resin produced large shrinkage stresses when it reached a high degree of conversion (DC) in one-step, which resulted in poor interlaminar adhesion.

The carrier lifetimes have been measured by differential microwave photoconductance decay measurements at various injection levels and temperatures. In both p-type and n-type epilayers, the carrier lifetimes gradually increased with increasing Pfizer Licensed Compound Library screening the injection level, which were naturally expected from the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) model, and after taking a maximum, the lifetimes dropped at the very high-injection level. In contrast, the carrier lifetimes exhibited continuous

increase with elevating the temperature for both epilayers. In addition, the impact of thermal oxidation process on the carrier lifetimes has been also investigated. The thermal oxidation process, by which the Z(1/2) and EH6/7 centers were remarkably reduced that had been observed in n-type 4H-SiC in our previous work, led to the improvement of the carrier lifetimes especially for n-type epilayers. The carrier lifetime reached 4.1 mu s in p-type and 6.1 mu s in n-type epilayers at 250 degrees C with an injection level of 1.8 x 10(16) cm(-3) through the thermal oxidation processing. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3524266]“
“Brain cell loss has been reported in subjects with alcoholism. However, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

(GAPDH) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) reportedly play a role in cellular dysfunction with regards to ethanol exposure. We have recently reported that GAPDH protein expression was increased in the brains of

rats fed with ethanol. VX-770 datasheet Furthermore, GAPDH interacts with the transcriptional activator, transforming growth factor-beta-inducible early gene 2 (TIEG2), to augment TIEG2-mediated MAO B activation, resulting in neuronal cell damage due to ethanol exposure. The current study investigates whether the TIEG2-MAO B cascade is also active in the brains of rats fed with ethanol. Ten ethanol-preferring rats were fed with a liquid diet containing ethanol, with increasing amounts of ethanol up to a final concentration of 6.4% representing a final diet containing 36% of calories for 28 days. Ten control rats were fed the liquid diet without ethanol. The expression AZD5582 of TIEG2 protein, MAO B mRNA levels, MAO B catalytic activity, and the levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl 2 and apoptotic protein caspase 3 were determined in the prefrontal cortex of the rats. Ethanol significantly increased protein levels of TIEG2, active caspase 3, MAO B mRNA and enzyme activity, but significantly decreased Bcl 2 protein expression compared to control rats. In summary, ethanol increases the TIEG2-MAO B brain cell death cascade in rat brains, suggesting that the TIEG2-MAO B pathway is a novel pathway for brain cell damage resulting from ethanol exposure, and may contribute to chronic alcohol-induced brain damage.”
“We have characterized a discharge-produced potassium plasma extreme ultraviolet (XUV) source.

The material parameters of the invisible cloaks are

nonsingular and the cloaks can operate in a wide bandwidth due to the area-transformation rather than the point-transformation. The invisible properties of the cloaks are nearly perfect when BEZ235 clinical trial the original area is small enough compared with its counterpart in the transformed space. Full wave simulations based on finite element method verified the designed cloaks. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3490623]“
“Background: Skin cells produce soluble factors which influence keratinocyte proliferation, angiogenesis, nerve innervation and immunocyte response.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that epidermal-dermal interactions influence neural outgrowth, vascular survival, immunocyte recruitment and keratinocyte proliferation.

Methods: We genetically manipulated the epidermis to express excess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and/or angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and then examined the epidermal and dermal phenotypes. We compared

these findings with those occurring following overexpression of the Ang1 receptor Tie2 in endothelial cells or keratinocytes.

Results: Keratinocyte-overexpression of Ang1 resulted in increased epidermal thickness compared to PF-03084014 supplier control littermates. Keratinocyte-specific overexpression of Ang1 or VEGF increased dermal angiogenesis compared to control animals and combined Ang1-VEGF lead to further increases. Cutaneous leukocyte examination revealed increases in CD4(+) T cell infiltration in mice with keratinocyte-specific overexpression of Ang1, VEGF and Ang1-VEGF combined; in contrast only keratinocyte-specific Ang1 overexpression increased cutaneous F4/80(+) macrophage numbers. Interestingly, combined keratinocyte-derived Ang1-VEGF overexpression reduced significantly the number of F4/80(+) and Cd11c(+) cells compared to mice overexpressing epidermal Ang1 alone. Endothelial. cell-specific Tie2 overexpression increased dermal angiogenesis but failed to influence the epidermal and

immune cell phenotypes. Keratinocyte-specific Tie2 expressing mice had the highest levels of CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD11c(+) selleck cell numbers and acanthosis compared to all animals. Finally, increases in the number of cutaneous nerves were found in all transgenic mice compared to littermate controls.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that change to one system (vascular or epidermal) results in change to other cutaneous systems and suggest that individual molecules can exert effects on multiple systems. (c) 2010 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The objectives of this study were to translate into Serbian the Health-Related Quality of Life Measure for Children with Epilepsy (CHEQOL-25) and to provide preliminary data on its measurement properties.

Graduate

entry medical (GEM) students have prior experience of this transition from pedagogical to androgogical learning. We aimed to assess the demographics and learning attributes of GEM students.

Methods Ethical exemption was awarded. The short version of the approaches and study skills inventory for students and the learning style questionnaire were distributed to GEM students during semester 1, 2008.

Results Response rate was 84% (n = 32). Fifty percent of responders had graduated in 2008 (22%) or 2007 (28%). Seventy-five percent had a background in basic science (56%) or an allied health profession (19%). The predominant learning approach is a combination of deep and strategic. The predominant learning style is reflective.

Conclusions Our preliminary analysis reveals GEM students to exhibit a mature approach to learning Sotrastaurin solubility dmso and the requisite learning style to achieve academic and clinical success.”
“AimTo ascertain whether uterine fundal pressure should have a role in the management of the second stage of labor and to determine its prevalence, benefits and adverse maternal-fetal outcomes.

MethodsThis was a prospective observational

study set in a tertiary teaching and research obstetric hospital. A total of 8097 women in labor between 37 and 42 gestational weeks with a singleton cephalic presentation were enrolled. Subjects were subdivided into two groups: fundal pressure group (n=1974 women) and control group (n=6123 women). The primary SHP099 outcome measure was the duration check details of the second stage. The secondary outcome measures were maternal outcomes (immediate or delayed) and neonatal outcomes.

ResultsThe prevalence of fundal pressure in our center was 24.38%. Fundal pressure maneuver significantly shortened the duration of the second stage among primiparous women, increased the risk of severe perineal laceration and admission to neonatal intensive care unit in comparison to the non-fundal group.

Delayed maternal outcomes showed significant increase in dyspareunia and de novo stress urinary incontinence in the fundal pressure group.

ConclusionAlthough fundal pressure maneuver shortens the duration of the second stage of labor among primiparous women, it should not be used except when indicated, and under strict guidelines owing to its adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.”
“There has been little research on the views and experiences of non-biological parents of sperm donor children. This paper reports the results of a survey of non-biological mothers and fathers. An online survey was designed and conducted by the Donor Sibling Registry, a US-based non-profit organization that supports those who have used donor conception. A total of 244 people responded (199 non-biological mothers and 45 non-biological fathers).

dNGAL correlated directly with weekly dialytic clearance of creatinine (rho = 0.291, p = 0.02) and with sNGAL (rho = 0.269, p = 0.031). The same variables were also independent predictors of pNGAL (beta = 0.30 and 0.29 respectively, both p < 0.05) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions: In our analysis, basal levels of pNGAL were influenced by sNGAL and by dialytic clearance of creatinine.”
“A

new United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) policy mandates special informed consent (SIC) before transplanting organs from donors classified by the Public Health Service/Center for Disease Control (PHS/CDC) as high-risk donors (HRDs); however, concerns remain that this policy may cause suboptimal organ utilization. Currently, consent and disclosure policy is determined by individual centers or surgeons; as such, little is known about current practices. The goals of this study were TH-302 nmr to quantify consent and disclosure practices for HRDs in the United States, identify factors associated with SIC use and analyze associations between SIC use and HRD organ β-Nicotinamide in vivo utilization. We surveyed 422 transplant surgeons about their use of HRD organs and their associated consent and disclosure practices. In total, 52.7% of surgeons use SIC, but there is a high variation

in use within centers, between centers and by donor behavior. A defined HRD policy at a transplant center is strongly associated with SIC use at that center (OR = 4.68, p < 0.001 by multivariate hierarchical logistic regression). SIC use is associated with higher utilization of HRD livers (OR 3.37), and a trend toward higher utilization of HRD kidneys (OR 1.74) and pancreata (OR 1.28). We believe our findings support a formalized national policy and suggest that this policy will not result in decreased utilization.”
“The electrical properties of thin iron films deposited at room temperature (RT) on clean Si(100) and on the prefabricated Si(100)-c(4×12)-Al surface phase (SP) have been

studied by means of in situ Hall effect and conductance measurements for iron coverage (0-2.3) nm. It is shown that the Si(100)-c(4×12)-Al SP blocks intermixing of iron and substrate atoms. The conductance and mobility of the majority carriers in this SP are higher than those in Si(100)2×1, within the temperature range GSK690693 from RT to 460 K. For iron coverage below 2 nm, the sample conductance is significantly lower than that for the bare Si(100). The iron film grown on the Si(100)-c(4×12)-Al becomes continuous at a coverage approximately half as thick as for the film grown on the Si(100)2×1 surface.”
“Background: Several studies have reported benefits for human peritoneal mesothelial cell function of a neutral-pH dialysate low in glucose degradation products (GDPs). However, the effects of low-GDP solution on ultrafiltration (UF), transport of solutes, and control of body water remain elusive. We therefore investigated the effect of low-GDP solution on UF, solute transport, and control of body water.

Methods: Pevonedistat solubility dmso Six deaf children (five boys and one girl) with inner ear malformations who were implanted and followed

in our clinic were included. These children were matched with six implanted children with normal cochlea for age at implantation and duration of cochlear implant use. All subjects were tested with the internationally used battery tests of listening progress profile (LiP), capacity of auditory performance (CAP), and speech intelligibility rating (SIR). A closed and open set word perception test adapted to the Modern Greek language was also used. In the dysplastic group, two children suffered from CHARGE syndrome, another two from mental retardation, and two children grew up in bilingual homes.

Results: At least two years after switch-on, the dysplastic group scored mean LiP 62%, CAP 3.8, SIR 2.1, closed-set 61%, and open-set 49%. The children without inner ear dysplasia achieved significantly better scores, Liproxstatin-1 in vivo except for CAP which this difference was marginally statistically

significant (p = 0.009 for LiP, p = 0.080 for CAP, p = 0.041 for SIR, p = 0.011 for closed-set, and p = 0.006 for open-set tests).

Conclusion: All of the implanted children with malformed inner ear showed benefit of auditory perception and speech production. However, the children with inner ear malformation performed less well compared with the children without inner ear dysplasia. This was possibly due to the high proportion of disabilities detected in the dysplastic group, such as CHARGE syndrome and mental retardation. Bilingualism could also be considered as a factor which HKI-272 molecular weight possibly affects the outcome of implanted children. Therefore, children with malformed inner ear should be preoperatively evaluated for cognitive and developmental delay. In this case, counseling for the parents is mandatory in order to explain the possible impact of the diagnosed disabilities on performance and habilitation. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Variations in the essential oil composition

of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert from different European countries were determined. A total of 39 components were identified, representing over 92% of the total oil yield. The principal biologically active compounds in chamomile oils were bisabolol oxide A (3.1-56.0%), alpha-bisabolol (0.1-44.2%), bisabolol oxide B (3.9-27.2%), cis-enynebicycloether (8.8-26.1%), bisabolon oxide A (0.5-24.8%), chamazulene (0.7-15.3%), spathulenol (1.7-4.8%) and (E)-beta-farnesene (2.3-6.6%). In 8 chamomile samples from 13, bisabolol oxide A (27.5-56.0%) was predominant (among them in three Estonian samples). alpha-Bisabolol (23.9-44.2%) was predominant in the samples from Moldova, Russia and the Czech Republic. The sample from Armenia was rich in bisabolol oxide B (27.2%) and chamazulene (15.3%). The oils were obtained in yields of 0.7-6.

PTOA may be initiated by early expression of proteolytic enzymes capable

of causing degradation of the articular cartilage at time of injury. This study investigated the production of three of these key proteases in multiple joint tissues after ACL injury and subsequent markers of cartilage turnover.

Methods: ACL transection was performed in adolescent minipigs. Collagenase (MMP-1 and MMP-13) and aggrecanase (ADAMTS-4) PRIMA-1MET solubility dmso gene expression changes were quantified in the articular cartilage, synovium, injured ligament, and the provisional scaffold at days 1, 5, 9, and 14 post-injury, Markers of collagen degradation (C2C), synthesis (CPI) and aggrecan synthesis (CS 846) were quantified in the serum and synovial fluid. Histologic assessment of the cartilage

integrity (OARSI scoring) was also performed.

Results: MMP-1 gene expression was upregulated in the articular cartilage, synovium and ligament after ACL injury. MMP-13 expression was suppressed in the articular cartilage, but upregulated 100-fold in the synovium and ligament. ADAMTS-4 was upregulated selleck chemicals in the synovium and ligament but not in the articular cartilage. The concentration of collagen degradation fragments (C2C) in the synovial joint fluid nearly doubled in the first five days after injury.

Conclusion: We conclude that upregulation of genes coding for proteins capable of degrading cartilage ECM is seen within the first few days after ACL injury, and this response is seen not only in chondrocytes, but also in cells in the synovium, ligament and provisional scaffold. (C) 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: This study aims to examine risk factors associated with 3-month post-discharge suicide among cancer patients using Taiwan’s nationwide, population-based datasets.

Methods: The study

cohort comprised all cancer patients discharged from hospitals from 2002 to 2004, inclusive, who committed suicide within 90 days of discharge (n = 311). The control group consisted of 1555 cancer patients who did not commit suicide within 90 days of discharge. The dependent variable was whether or not a patient committed suicide within 90 days of discharge, while the independent variables included patient, hospital and physician characteristics at index hospitalization. Selleck Prexasertib Cox proportional hazard regression was carried out to compute the 90-day survival rate, adjusting for possible confounding factors.

Results: The mean interval from discharge to suicide was 39.7 days (+/- 95.2) and almost half (46.3%) of the 3-month post-discharge suicides occurred within 14 days after discharge. The adjusted hazard of committing suicide for patients who were not hospitalized in the preceding year was 1.68 (p = 0.009), 1.61 (p = 0.033), and 2.51 (p < 0.001) times greater, respectively, than patients who were hospitalized once, twice and more than twice within the year before index hospitalization.