The clinical signs in horse 1 were fever, tachycardia and tachypnoea, and chronic ulcerative keratopathy of both eyes. Horse 2 had severe oral ulcerations and was coughing during feeding. In both horses, increased bronchovesicular sounds were heard during auscultation of the lungs. Laboratory findings included mild anaemia,

lymphopenia and hypoalbuminaemia. Radiographic examination of the thorax revealed a severe nodular interstitial BAY 63-2521 inhibitor pattern. Multiple nodular lesions on the surface of the lung were observed by ultrasonographic examination. Light microscopy of lung biopsy specimens obtained from horse 1 revealed a severe chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. Both horses were eventually euthanased because of a poor prognosis. Postmortem

examination confirmed severe multinodular fibrosing interstitial pneumonia in both horses, and lung tissue yielded positive results for equine herpesvirus type 5 DNA using PCR assay. On the basis of the clinical, radiographic and pathological findings, as well as the PCR results, the diagnosis of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis was established.”
“Objective. Regular physical exercise within structured lifestyle programs may improve weight status and minimize metabolic risk factors in childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the one-year combined physical exercise/lifestyle program KLAKS on anthropometric and metabolic Duvelisib clinical trial parameters and glycemic control in childhood obesity. Materials and Methods. 142 overweight/obese (BMI bigger than 90th percentile) candidates (7-18 years) were enrolled, 115 participants completed the program. Anthropometrics and biochemical parameters were obtained at beginning and completion. An

PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 Immunology & Inflammation inhibitor oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in a subgroup of participants. Course of glucose and insulin levels within OGTT was correlated with several parameters and is reported here for those who completed the program. Results. The mean standard deviation scores (SDS) decreased significantly for BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and percentage body fat (all p smaller than 0.01). Improved metabolic risk markers included mean glucose levels within an OGTT at follow-up compared to baseline (p smaller than 0.0001) and HbA1c (p = 0.05) as well as indications of improvement for gamma-glutamyl-transferase and free fatty acids. Conclusions. The one-year combined exercise/lifestyle program KLAKS significantly improves markers of obesity and glycemic control. Impaired cardiometabolic risk markers, even subclinical, are also favorably influenced by program participation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“ScopeFumonisin (FB) intake can be high when maize is a dietary staple.

“
“We describe a 23-year-old patient who presented acutely with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HL) and Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS). MRS and HL are two unusual and complex clinical patterns that may present acutely and to our knowledge, an association between them has never been reported. The clinical investigations in this patient led to identification of parvovirus B19 (PB19) viraemia by PCR. Parvovirus infection has been reported as a cause of virus-associated HL, but the presence of PB19 has never been sought or reported as a possible trigger for MRS. This observation suggests a possible association between PB19 and HL, and opens the possibility of its association

also AZD1480 molecular weight with acute-onset MRS. Further investigations for the presence

of PB19 in cases of MRS are warranted.”
“To investigate clinical characteristics of parvovirus (B19) related aplastic anemia (AA).\n\nOf the 28 children with AA included in this study, 24 were 10058-F4 clinical trial treated routinely and received planned follow-up; 15 were subject to B19-DNA re-examination during the treatment and 8 underwent examination for B19-IgM and B19-IgG. Another 39 initially identified AA children were enrolled as the controls and received the treatment same as the above-mentioned group.\n\nThere were more patients aged 5-8 y in the B19 infection group than the control group (P < 0.05). The course of AA in the B19 infection group was less than 2 mo and the serious aplastic anemia (SAA) and very serious aplastic anemia (VSAA) were more frequently observed in this group than check details the controls (P < 0.05). The overall efficacy of the treatments in the B19 infection group was more dismal

than that in the controls (P < 0.05). Among 15 patients who were subjected to B19-DNA re-examination, negative findings were found in 6 patients with chronic aplastic anemia (CAA); the B19-DNA was persistently positive in 2 of the SAA and 5 VSAA patients. IgM and IgG were respectively detected in 3 and 2 patients out of the 8 children who received antibody examination.\n\nParvovirus B19 infection contributes to the generation of AA, particularly in children aged 5-8 y. The AA induced may be mainly classified as serious and very serious type, with a course of disease less than 2 mo. Patients can be saved if B19-DNA is eliminated and the antibody is produced.”
“A bioenergetic model of marine phase, wild Atlantic salmon was constructed to investigate the potential effects on post-smolt growth of predicted changes in oceanic conditions. Short-term estimates of growth in weight were similar to measurements in captivity and simulated growth varied with water temperature and swimming speed as expected. Longer-term estimates of growth in length were less than that achieved by wild salmon, particularly with constant swimming assumed. The model was sensitive to parameters relating to maximum daily food consumption.

Retrospective review on prospective cohort and explicit chart review.\n\nObjective. To identify early spine trauma predictors of functional disability and to assess management

compliance to established spine trauma treatment algorithms.\n\nSummary of Background Data. Identification of early (within 48 hours) spine trauma predictors of functional disability is novel and may assist in the management of patients with trauma. Also, with significant global variation, spine trauma treatment algorithms are essential.\n\nMethods. Analysis was performed on patients with spine check details trauma from May 1, 2009, to January 1, 2011. Functional outcomes were determined using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 1 year. Univariate and multivariate regressions were applied to investigate the effects of the injury severity score, age, blood sugar level, vital signs, traumatic brain injury, comorbidities, coagulation profile, neurology, and spine injury characteristics. click here A compliance study was performed using the SLIC and TLICS spine trauma algorithms.\n\nResults. The completion rate for the GOS was 58.8%. The completed GOS cohort was 4.2 years younger in terms of mean age, had more number of patients with severe polytrauma, but less number of patients with

severe spinal cord injuries (ASIA [American Spinal Injury Association] A, B, and C) in comparison with the uncompleted GOS cohort. Multivariate logistic regression revealed 3 independent early spine trauma predictors of functional disability with statistical significance (P < 0.05). They were (1) hypotension (OR [odds ratio] = 1.98; CI [confidence interval] = 1.13-3.49), (2) hyperglycemia (OR = 1.67; CI = 1.09-2.56), and (3) moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (OR ABT-263 in vitro = 5.88; CI = 1.71-20.16). There were 305 patients with subaxial cervical spine injuries and 653 patients with thoracolumbar spine injuries. The subaxial cervical spine injury classification and thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score compliance studies returned agreements of 96.1%

and 98.9%, respectively.\n\nConclusion. Early independent spine trauma predictors of functional disability identified in a level 1 trauma center with high compliance to the subaxial cervical spine injury classification and thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score algorithms were hypotension, hyperglycemia, and moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Spine trauma injury variables alone were shown not to be predictive of functional disability.”
“Purpose The protease inhibitor bortezomib attenuates the action of NF-kappa B and has shown preclinical activity alone and in combination with chemotherapy. Design A Phase I dose-escalation study was performed administering bortezomib (0.7, 1.0, 1.3 and 1.

Methods The contents of ferromagnetic elements (Fe, Co, Ni) and other metal elements in lagenal otoliths of adult homing pigeons were precisely analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of high sensitivity,

and then they were compared with those in saccular and utricular otoliths (all the contents were normalized to Ca). Results In adult homing pigeons, the contents of ferromagnetic elements (Fe, Co, Ni) in lagenal otoliths were less than 0.7% (normalized to Ca element) and were the same order in magnitude as those in saccular and utricular otoliths. The content of Fe in lagenal otoliths was not significantly different from that in utricular otoliths and was even lower than that in saccular otoliths. The content of Co in lagenal otoliths was lower than that in saccular otoliths and higher than that in utricular otoliths. The content of Ni in lagenal otoliths was not significantly different from that in saccular CAL-101 molecular weight otoliths

and was higher than that in utricular otoliths. The contents of other metal elements Na, Mg, K, Al, Mn and Pb in lagenal otoliths were not significantly different from those in utricular and saccular otoliths. The contents of metal elements Zn, Ba and Cu in lagenal otoliths were lower than those in saccular otoliths. Conclusion The contents of magnetic elements in lagenal otoliths of homing pigeons are not much higher than those in utricular and saccular otoliths, which does not support the hypothesis that birds CA3 cost depend on high contents of Fe and Zn in lagenal otoliths for sensation of geomagnetic information. Similarities in morphology, element ingredient and element content between lagenal otoliths and utricular otoliths suggest that the two types of otolithic organs may play similar roles in sensing gravitational and acceleration signals.”
“The objectives of this study were to determine pharmacokinetics of intravenous (i.v.) ceftiofur AZD7762 in foals, to compare ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and microbiologic assay for the measurement of ceftiofur concentrations, and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of

ceftiofur against common equine bacterial pathogens. In a cross-over design, ceftiofur sodium was administered i.v. to six foals (1-2 days-of-age and 4-5 weeks-of-age) at dosages of 5 and 10 mg/kg. Subsequently, five doses of ceftiofur were administered i.v. to six additional foals between 1 and 5 days of age at a dose of 5 mg/kg q 12 h. Concentrations of desfuroylceftiofur acetamide (DCA), the acetamide derivative of ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofur-related metabolites were measured in plasma, synovial fluid, urine, and CSF by use of UPLC-MS/MS. A microbiologic assay was used to measure ceftiofur activity for a subset of plasma samples. Following i.v. administration of ceftiofur at a dose of 5 mg/kg to 1-2 day-old foals, DCA had a t(1/2) of 7.8 +/- 0.1 h, a body clearance of 74.4 +/- 8.

The results of glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests in rats fed with a 12% casein diet (12C) and a protein-free diet (PF) indicated that protein deprivation enhanced clearance of blood glucose and suppressed gluconeogenesis. Correspondingly, the mRNA level of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a key gluconeogenic enzyme, was suppressed by dietary protein deprivation. click here In PF-fed rats, total tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) in the liver induced by insulin injection was enhanced compared

with 12C pair-fed rats due to an increase in IR protein level. In addition, protein deprivation caused an increase in protein levels of IR substrate 1 (IRS1) and IRS2, leading to the marked enhancement of insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS2 and its binding to the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Based on these results, we conclude that protein deprivation suppresses gluconeogenesis by

a mechanism primarily mediated by the enhancement of the insulin signals through the IR/IRS/PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway in the liver. Taken together with our previous report, these findings suggest that tissue-specific potentiation of insulin action in the liver and the skeletal muscle plays important roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis even when energy usage is reduced by dietary protein deprivation. Journal Selleckchem Torin 2 of Molecular Endocrinology (2010) 45, 329-340″
“A novel polyamine microsphere, prepared from the water-in-oil emulsion of polyethylenimine, was characterized. The investigation of scanning electron microscopy showed that the polyamine microsphere is a regular ball with a smooth surface. The diameter distribution of the microsphere

is 0.37-4.29 mu m. The isoelectric point of the microsphere is 10.6. The microsphere can adsorb proteins through the co-effect of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Among the proteins tested, the highest value of adsorption of microsphere, 127.8 mg.g(-1) microsphere, was obtained with lipase. In comparison with other proteins, the hydrophobic force is more important in promoting the adsorption of lipase. The microsphere can preferentially adsorb lipase from an even mixture of proteins. The optimum temperature and pH for the selective Quisinostat adsorption of lipase by the microsphere was 35 degrees C and pH 7.0.”
“In this paper we present a comparative study of two e-Beam Lithography (EBL) processes for Nanoimprinting Lithography (NIL) master mold, i.e. the standard PMMA based EBL Si patterning process and the HSQ process. 20 nm features with minimal sidewall roughness and high uniformity are demonstrated on large surface by using HSQ process. Moreover, to validate this ultra-high resolution HSQ EBL process and to check NIL resolution performances, soft UV-NIL replications were performed using soft hard-PDMS/PDMS bi-layer stamps casted on the HSQ master mold.

The obtained values of gamma pointed out the diffuse phase transformation in highly doped BaTiO3 samples. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.”
“Structure-property relationships of polymeric materials require careful characterization of macromolecular properties. In this work we use 2-dimensional chromatography, coupling temperature gradient interaction see more and size exclusion chromatography, as well as density functional theory calculations to clarify that when

poly(styryl)lithium anions are reacted with stringently purified C-60, stars with greater than six arms can be attained, in contrast to prior reports. We attribute this apparent contradiction to the limited ability of size exclusion chromatography to separate polymers having branched architectures. These results GSK1210151A clarify the chemistry of anionically modified fullerenes and also show that more sophisticated separation techniques are necessary when characterizing architecturally complex polymers.”
“Colorectal cancer remains a major cause

of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The advent of molecular therapies targeted against specific, stereotyped cellular mutations that occur in this disease has ushered in new hope for treatment options. However, key questions regarding optimal dosing schedules, dosing duration, and patient selection remain unanswered. In this review, we describe how recent advances in molecular imaging, specifically optical

molecular imaging with fluorescent probes, offer potential solutions to these questions. We begin with an overview of optical molecular imaging, including discussions on the various methods of design for fluorescent probes and the clinically relevant imaging systems that have been built to image them. We then focus https://www.selleckchem.com/p38-MAPK.html on the relevance of optical molecular imaging to colorectal cancer. We review the most recent data on how this imaging modality has been applied to the measurement of treatment efficacy for currently available as well as developmental molecularly targeted therapies. We then conclude with a discussion on how this imaging approach has already begun to be translated clinically for human use.”
“The study contributes with a first survey of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewaters discharging into fresh and estuarine waters from areas with varying degrees of urbanization of Argentina. Analyses were done on the soluble fraction by HPLC-MS after SPE extraction. In all of the samples were detected caffeine and ibuprofen within the range of 0.9-44.2 and 0.4-13.0 mu g/L, and lower levels of carbamazepine, atenolol and diclofenac between 0.2-2.3, 0.2-1.7 and < 0.03-1.2 mu g/L, respectively. Profiles of compounds were similar in all studied locations.

However, the underlying molecular mechanism Selleck ON-01910 is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the netrin family member netrin-4 (NTN4) contributes to activity-dependent thalamocortical (TC) axon branching. In the postnatal developmental stages of rodents, ntn4 expression was abundant in and around the TC recipient layers of sensory cortices. Neuronal activity dramatically altered the ntn4 expression level in the cortex in vitro and in vivo. TC axon branching was promoted by exogenous NTN4 and suppressed by depletion of

the endogenous protein. Moreover, unc-5 homolog B (Unc5B), which strongly bound to NTN4, was expressed in the sensory thalamus, and knockdown of Unc5B in thalamic cells markedly reduced TC axon branching. These results suggest that NTN4 acts as a positive regulator for TC axon branching through activity-dependent expression.”
“The aims of this study were to select microbial isolates from phyllosphere of maize and to examine their antagonistic activity against Exserohilum turcicum. Selection was performed through the ability of isolates to compete with the pathogen using an index of dominance and to affect growth parameters of E. turcicum. BEZ235 manufacturer Most of the epiphytic populations obtained for the screening were bacteria. These isolates were found in the order of 6 log CFU/g of leaf fresh weight. According to

similar morphological characteristics and staining, 44 out of 111 isolates obtained were selected for testing antagonistic effects. At water potential, psi, -1.38 MPa and -4.19 MPa, three Bacillus isolates showed dominance at a distance (5/0) and a significant reduction of growth rate of the pathogen. Three Bacillus isolates only decreased the growth rate of E. turcicum at -1.38 MPa. At -4.19 MPa the growth rate decreased with three isolates of Pantoea and three Bacillus. In this study a negative and significant correlation was observed between the growth rate of E. turcicum and the dominance index in the interaction of the pathogen with some bacteria. These results show that with decreasing growth rate of the

pathogen the dominance index of the interaction increases. Eleven potential biocontrol agents against E. turcicum were selected. (C) 2014 Asociacion Argentina de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.”
“Using either the principle selleck chemical of minimum energy or constant shear stress, a relation can be derived that predicts the diameters of branching vessels at a bifurcation. This relation, known as Murray’s Law, has been shown to predict vessel diameters in a variety of cardiovascular systems from adult humans to developing chicks. The goal of this study is to investigate Murray’s Law in vessels from mice that are haploinsufficient for the elastin protein (Eln+/-). Elastin is one of the major proteins in the blood vessel wall and is organized in concentric rings, known as lamellae, with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) around the vessel lumen.

\n\nThirty (>= 75 years, gender M9/F21) and 20 (<= 60 years, gender M20/F0) patients scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery. A standard anesthesia with fentanyl as an opioid was used. Fentanyl plasma concentrations were measured at the end of surgery and 2 h later. After tracheal extubation, when the pain intensity was at least moderate, blood samples for fentanyl and oxycodone plasma concentration measurements were taken. Thereafter, oxycodone hydrochloride 0.05 mg/kg i.v. was administered. After 15 selleck screening library and 45 min, pain intensity, sedation and oxycodone plasma concentration were determined. This test protocol was repeated twice.\n\nThe elderly had a higher plasma

concentration of fentanyl at the end of surgery than younger patients (5.7 +/- 2.2 vs. 3.8 +/- 1.2 ng/ml, P=0.001). The plasma concentrations of oxycodone were comparable between the groups. The interval between the second and the third oxycodone dose was longer in the elderly patients (P=0.036). Pain intensity on the verbal rating scale was lower at the 45-min assessment

point after all three oxycodone test doses (P=0.008) and sedation scores were significantly higher after the third dose in the elderly patients (P=0.035).\n\nIn elderly patients, the plasma concentration of fentanyl was higher but plasma levels of oxycodone were at a similar level compared with middle-aged patients. However, the elderly small molecule library screening patients had less pain and were more sedated after doses of oxycodone.”
“Asthma is characterised by antigen-mediated mast cell degranulation resulting Selleckchem AZD6244 in secretion of inflammatory mediators. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine protein

phosphatase composed of a catalytic (PP2A-C) subunit together with a core scaffold (PP2A-A) subunit and a variable, regulatory (PP2A-B) subunit. Previous studies utilising pharmacological inhibition of protein phosphatases have suggested a positive regulatory role for PP2A in mast cell degranulation. In support of this we find that a high okadaic acid concentration (1 mu M) inhibits mast cell degranulation. Strikingly, we now show that a low concentration of okadaic acid (0.1 mu M) has the opposite effect, resulting in enhanced degranulation. Selective downregulation of the PP2A-C alpha subunit by short hairpin RNA also enhanced degranulation of RBL-2H3 mast cells, suggesting that the primary role of PP2A is to negatively regulate degranulation. PP2A-B subunits are responsible for substrate specificity, and carboxymethylation of the PP2A-C subunit alters B subunit binding. We show here that carboxymethylation of PP2A-C is dynamically altered during degranulation and inhibition of methylation decreases degranulation. Moreover downregulation of the PP2A-B alpha subunit resulted in decreased MK2 phosphorylation and degranulation, whilst downregulation of the PP2A-B’delta subunit enhanced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and degranulation.

These observations can be promising for chronic renal failure patients since lipoate can play a double role in these patients contributing to efficient antioxidant defense and protection against cyanate and cyanide toxicity.”
“We present the results of a study on near-infrared electroluminescence

and optical amplification in semiconductor thin films based on a nonconjugated polymer doped with luminescent and electron-transport molecules. A single-layer light-emitting diode is fabricated on an indium tin oxide-coated glass substrate with poly(9-vinylcarbazole) containing an electron-transport material, 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole Vorinostat mw and a near-infrared-emitting compound, 2-(6-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-2,4-neopentylene-1,3,5-hexatrienyl)-3-ethylbenzothiazolium perchlorate. The single-layer structure shows near-infrared electroluminescence with a turn-on voltage of 13 V. The same structure ML323 price is characterized under transversal pulsed photopumping with a frequency-doubled Nd: yttrium aluminum garnet laser. With increasing pump fluence, the edge emission at 0.82 mu m shows both significant gain narrowing and superlinear intensity increase, which

indicate the existence of optical gain by stimulated emission. Our results provide impetus for the Apoptosis Compound Library ic50 development of near-infrared polymer lasers and optical amplifiers.”
“Background: Brucellosis is a zoonosis whose economical impact in endemic countries is significant. Its magnitude for humans has been scarcely measured in Chile, therefore brucellosis was declared a reportable disease since 2004. Objective: To characterize the epidemiology of human brucellosis in Chile. Material:

Data sources were the Obligatory Disease Notification System (ODNS), the National Reference Laboratory for brucellosis, hospital discharges and deaths statistics. Results: The average incidence, according to the ODNS was 0.55 cases per 100.000 inhabitants (men 67.8%, median age 44 years). Hospital discharges rate of brucellosis during this period were 0.43 per 100.000 inhabitants. The major diagnosis (84.3%) was A23.9 (Brucellosis unspecified). Two patients died (mortality rate for the period 0.01 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants), their education level was basic. Conclusions: The incidence rates of cases reported, hospital discharges and mortality tend to decrease. The discrepancy between reported cases and clinical/laboratory diagnosis suggests underreporting. It is necessary to improve the notification system and to optimize laboratory confirmation by the National Reference Laboratory.”
“This Review covers the latest developments in the treatment options for chronic pancreatitis.

5 to 37.4 mm; p <0.05) at end-diastole. Relative to one week postoperatively, at six weeks postoperatively a reduced PPM displacement was observed from the

anterior trigone (43.0 versus 42.0 mm; p <0.05) at end-systole. PFTα inhibitor Relative to the preoperative situation, no overall tendency of surgically induced PM relocation was observed at one or six weeks postoperatively.\n\nConclusion: A down-sized ring annuloplasty did not induce an overall pattern of PM relocation in pigs with chronic FIMR.”
“Background and Purpose-We aimed to generate rigorous graphical and statistical reference data based on volumetric measurements for assessing the relative severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in patients with stroke. Methods-We prospectively mapped WMHs from 2699 patients with first-ever click here ischemic

stroke (mean age=66.8 +/- 13.0 years) enrolled consecutively from 11 nationwide stroke centers, from patient (fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery) MRIs onto a standard brain template set. Using multivariable analyses, we assessed the impact of major (age/hypertension) and minor risk factors on WMH variability. Results-We have produced a large reference data library showing the location and quantity of WMHs as topographical frequency-volume maps. This easy-to-use graphical reference data set allows the quantitative estimation of the severity of WMH as a percentile rank score. For all patients (median age=69 years), multivariable analysis showed that age, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular hypertrophy were independently associated with increasing WMH (0-9.4%, median=0.6%, of the measured brain volume). For younger ( smaller than = learn more 69) hypertensives (n=819), age and left ventricular hypertrophy were positively associated with WMH. For older ( bigger than = 70) hypertensives (n=944), age and cholesterol had positive relationships with WMH, whereas diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation had negative relationships with WMH. For younger nonhypertensives (n=578), age and diabetes

mellitus were positively related to WMH. For older nonhypertensives (n=328), only age was positively associated with WMH. Conclusions-We have generated a novel graphical WMH grading (Kim statistical WMH scoring) system, correlated to risk factors and adjusted for age/hypertension. Further studies are required to confirm whether the combined data set allows grading of WMH burden in individual patients and a tailored patient-specific interpretation in ischemic stroke-related clinical practice.”
“A putative RALF (rapid alkalinization factor)-like gene (GenBank accession number EF523517), named BcMF14, was isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino, syn. B. rapa ssp. chinensis) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) based on a cDNA-AFLP differential fragment exclusively expressed in fertile line.