RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent in the 70 eyes evaluated was -6.46 diopters +/- 3.10 (SD). The mean total corneal HOA was 0.574 +/- 0.218 mu m (range 0.269 to 1.249 mu m) and the mean total ocular HOA, 0.525 +/- 0.354 mu m (range 0.138 to 2.145 mu m). There was no statistically significant correlation with age. The mean 3rd-order ocular aberration was 0.399 +/- 0.287 mu m; the mean 4th-order, 0.297 +/- 0.223 mu m; and the mean 5th-order, 0.108 +/- 0.101 Ilomastat mu m. Corneal spherical aberration was greater than ocular spherical aberration (mean 0.312 +/- 0.114 mu m versus 0.200 +/- 0.170

mu m). Multilinear regression showed that the only dependent that predicted ocular spherical aberration was anterior corneal asphericity (r(2) = 0.227, F = 17.95, P<.001).

CONCLUSION:

Corneal and ocular aberrations in South East Asian Chinese eyes were significantly greater than that reported in other populations. Population differences in wavefront errors were significant, and this should be noted in patient management.”
“Objective A functional polymorphism at codon 55 of the small ubiquitin like modifier 4 (SUMO4) gene (methionine to valine,M55V) was recently found to be associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus mainly in Asian populations (T1D) In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether this locus also contributes to the genetic susceptiblity to type 1 diabetes in Chinese

Research design and methods A case-control study was performed using genomic DNA samples from 165 unrelated Chinese childhood T1D subjects and 160 normal

blood donors The SUMO4 M55V single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was genotyped using polymerase Ispinesib inhibitor chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme Mse I

Results The frequencies of SUMO4 163G allele were significantly increased in T1D patients (38 2% vs healthy control subjects 28 7%, P<0 05, OR=1 51, 95% CI 1 03-2 13) SUMO4 163 GG genotype was Wnt inhibitor also significantly increased in the T1D patients (17% vs healthy control subjects 8%, P<0 05)

Conclusions This study indicates that the SUMO4 gene M55V variant is associated with the genetic susceptibility of T1D in Chinese children”
“Curcuma comosa was reported to have uterotrophic effects in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The present study aims to investigate the plant estrogenic-like effects of C. comosa hexane extract on spatial memory and estrogen receptors (ER) in the hippocampus. Female rats received 5 days’ Morris water maze training before the ovariectomy, followed by the daily intraperitoneal administration of C. comosa hexane extract at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks. Estradiol (10 mu g/kg body weight) was used as the positive control. OVX significantly increased the latency of the animal to the platform, while estradiol and both doses of C. comosa hexane extract reversed the memory impairments. By using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique, C.

This study suggests that PTX3% may be an available histological marker of acute renal allograft rejection.”
“Recent whole genome polymerase binding assays in the Drosophila embryo have shown that a substantial proportion of uninduced genes have pre-assembled RNA polymerase-II transcription initiation complex (PIC) bound to their promoters. These constitute a subset of promoter proximally paused genes for which mRNA elongation instead of promoter

access is regulated. This difference can be described as a rearrangement of the regulatory topology to control the downstream transcriptional process of elongation S63845 clinical trial rather than the upstream transcriptional initiation event. It has been shown experimentally that genes with the former mode of regulation tend to induce faster and more synchronously, and that promoter-proximal pausing is observed mainly in metazoans, in accord with a

posited impact on synchrony. However, it has not been shown whether or not it is the change in the regulated step per se that is causal. We investigate this question by proposing and analyzing a continuous-time Markov chain model of PIC assembly regulated at one of two steps: initial polymerase association with DNA, or release from a paused, transcribing state. Our analysis demonstrates that, over a wide range of physical parameters, increased speed and synchrony are functional consequences of elongation control. Further, FLT3 inhibitor we make new predictions about the effect of elongation regulation on the consistent control of total transcript number between cells. We also identify which elements in the transcription induction pathway are most sensitive to molecular noise and thus possibly the most evolutionarily constrained. Our methods produce

symbolic expressions for quantities of interest with reasonable computational effort and they can be used to explore the Selleckchem PND-1186 interplay between interaction topology and molecular noise in a broader class of biochemical networks. We provide general-purpose code implementing these methods.”
“Smallanthus sonchifolius (Yacon, Asteraceae) was originally cultivated in South America and used in food and traditional medicine by Andean inhabitants. Yacon is potentially beneficial for the management of diabetes and is composed of fructooligosaccharides, proteins, minerals and phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Yacon tuber extract (YTE) and its constituent, chlorogenic acid (CGA), in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, a HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of major active phenolic components, CGA and caffeic acid in YTE. We investigated the hypoglycemic effect of YTE and CGA in STZ-induced diabetic rats and studied glucose tolerance test (GTT). The effect of orally administered multiple doses of YTE and CGA on plasma biochemical parameters was examined using diabetic rats.

5 to 2.7 cm. There were no demographic

differences between women with and without visible Bartholin gland cysts.

CONCLUSION: Bartholin gland cysts occur in 3% of adult women. The cysts affect women of broad ranges of age and parity. Women with visible Bartholin gland cysts are demographically similar to women without cysts on pelvic imaging. (Obstet Gynecol 2012; 120: 798-802) DOI:http://10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182699259″
“The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate (MTX, CAS 59-05-2) and 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OHMTX, CAS 5939-37-7) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with particular interest devoted to the renal excretion at see more the steady-state and to the relationships between total (CL) and renal clearances (CL(R)) of both compounds. Ten children (seven girls) aged 8.5 years (2.9-16) years with standard or medium-risk ALL received four 24-h i. v. infusions of high-dose MIX (HDMTX, 5 g/m(2)) with leucovorin (CAS 58-05-9) rescue according to the ALL-BFM-95 protocol. MIX and 7-OHMTX were

assayed in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. At the steady-state, the clearance (CL) of MIX (6.28 +/- 2.79 l.h(-1)) was correlated with its CL(R) (r(s) = 0.79, p < 0.0001) which accounted for 61 % (SD 26%) of the former. There were weak correlations between pretreatment values of creatinine clearance calculated using Schwartz’s formula and the drug’s CL (r(s) = 0.30, p < 0.05) or CL(R) (r(s) = 0.41, p < 0.02). In contrast, the CL(R) accounted for only 26% (SD 15%) of the metabolite’s click here CL which was estimated assuming 10% ALK activation conversion of MIX to 7-OHMTX. The CL values of both compounds were highly correlated (r(s) = 0.86,

p < 0.0001). The CL(R) of the parent compound was on the average 9-fold higher (range: 3.5- to 17-fold) and was strongly correlated with the CLR of the metabolite (r(s) = 0.87, p < 0.0001). The ratio 7-OHMTX/MTX of urinary concentrations was between 2.4 and 9.8% with the mean value of 4.1 %.

This study suggests that during the 24-h i. v. infusions of HDMTX to children with ALL, the exposure of patients to 7-OHMTX can be reasonably well predicted from the knowledge of MTX concentrations. The steady-state renal CLs, total CLs as well as urinary concentrations of the parent compound and metabolite are highly correlated and the correlation of plasma concentrations is moderate. Therefore, it is unlikely that simultaneous evaluation of 7-OHMTX and MTX steady-state concentrations could improve the predictive performance of the latter towards the response or the risk of complications, although future larger studies should verify this conclusion.”
“OBJECTIVE: To report on a 3-year follow-up of women who underwent overlapping repair of a complete third-degree or fourth-degree obstetric tear.

RESULTS: Adjunct colesevelam had significantly greater LDL-C-lowering effect than niacin alone (placebo); -20.67% vs -12.86%, respectively (P = .0088). Niacin-mediated increases

in FPG were significantly less with adjunct colesevelam (1.8 mg/dL vs 6.7 mg/dL; P = .0046), and fewer colesevelam subjects had increases of >= 10 mg/dL in FPG (8 vs 17, respectively). HKI 272 Adjunct colesevelam resulted in significantly smaller increases in hemoglobin A(1c) than placebo (0.06% vs 0.18%, respectively; P = .005). Consistent with hemoglobin A(1c) and FPG changes, fructosamine levels significantly decreased with colesevelam treatment (-5.0 mu mol/L) but increased with placebo (3.0 mu mol/L; P =.0255).

CONCLUSIONS: Colesevelam

as an adjunct to niacin therapy further lowers LDL-C while obviating the adverse effects of niacin on glucose metabolism in patients with dyslipidemia and IFG. (c) 2013 National Lipid Association. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: The Philadelphia Department of Public Health Tuberculosis (TB) Control Program has a progressively severe, stepwise legal process for managing non-adherent TB patients, potentially culminating in incarceration.

OBJECTIVE: CB-839 mw To review the application of legal procedures and to evaluate their effectiveness in the management of non-adherent TB patients.

METHODS: We evaluated this process by reviewing patients’ records from 2001 to 2005 to identify all non-adherent patients and determine their treatment outcomes.

RESULTS: In this period, we initiated

the legal process for 39 non-adherent patients. One patient died, and nine patients were lost. Twenty-nine patients became adherent after the use of a legal intervention. Our final completion percentage VX-689 in vivo was 76.3%.

CONCLUSION: Our legal process improved the treatment completion rate for patients who would otherwise have been non-adherent. Increasing treatment completion rates reduce the risk of relapse and disease transmission as well as the growing rate of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance.”
“Complement component 9 (C9) deficiency is relatively common, especially in Japan. Here we present the case of a 27-year-old Japanese woman whose obstetric history involved three mid-trimester miscarriages (at 22 weeks’, 18 weeks’ and 21 weeks’ gestation) and one early spontaneous miscarriage. Her fifth pregnancy was successfully managed by cervical cerclage at 13 weeks’ gestation, followed by clindamycin administration (600 mg/day for 7 days) and progesterone injections (250 mg/week). She gave birth to a healthy 3326-g male infant at 40 weeks and 1 day gestation after natural onset of labor. After delivery, the serum complement components were analyzed. C9 protein and activity were undetectable in the patient’s serum.

2 versus 32.9, resp., P = 0.96), or poor outcome at 1 month post-stroke (52.9 versus 64.4%, resp., P = 0.31). In conclusion, VKORC1 -1639G > A polymorphism is not a genetic determinant of IS occurrence, age of onset, severity, or functional outcome of disease in a Greek population.”
“Background: Although 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) have demonstrated that they reduce the risk of prostate cancer (PCa), they have not demonstrated cost effectiveness in the patient populations in which they have been examined.

Objective:

A decision-analytic model was created to explore economic benefits from a see more third-party payer perspective of the use of 5ARIs in preventing PCa in men with different risk factors for developing the disease.

Methods: A Markov model was developed to simulate a cohort of men annually through health states (e.g. healthy male, benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH], PCa, PCa recurrence) over a man’s lifetime. Men with risk factors were treated with a SARI and compared with patients given no chemoprevention. Men from the general population were examined

along with higher-risk men who had been referred to a PCa centre. Baseline risk was estimated via published risk data, risk factor analyses and risk equations. Clinical efficacy, Epigenetic signaling pathway inhibitors morality, costs and utilities were obtained from published literature. Outcomes of the model included number of prostate cancers, incremental costs, incremental QALYs, incremental cost per QALY and number needed to treat. Along with sensitivity and scenario analyses, a validation of outcomes was performed. All costs were valued in SUS, year 2009 values. Costs were discounted at 3% per annum.

Results: Men receiving 5ARls benefited through a reduction in the number of PCas. Assuming a cost-effectiveness threshold of $US50 000 per QALY, chemoprevention with 5ARIs was cost effective ($US37 900 per QALY) in men from the general population MS-275 in vitro who were aged 50

years with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and who were aged 50 years with PCa family history and elevated PSA ($US31 065 per QALY). Chemoprevention with 5ARIs was not cost effective in men aged 50 years with no additional risk factors, men aged 50 years with abnormal digital rectal examinations (DREs), and men aged 50 years with a family history ($US86 511. $US85 577and $US84 950 per QALY, respectively). In higher-risk men, chemoprevention could be expected to be cost effective ($US18 490 to $US11 816 per QALY, depending on risk scenario). Results were sensitive to changes in utilities, assumed PCa risk reduction with 5ARIs, and patient age.

Conclusion: When considering common risk factors associated with PCa, prevention with 5ARIs is expected to be cost effective in 50-year-old men with elevated PSA. As a man’s risk increases, the cost effectiveness of SARI chemoprevention improves.”
“Background.

3 +/- 8.4 years (range 53-97). The mean duration of follow-up was 11 months (range 6-21). Locations were as follows: T4-T10 9, T11-L1-L57, and L2-L4 30. Seventy-eight patients (81%) reported a favorable outcome. Fractured body volume (FBV) and the level treated were associated with fraction, which had an influence on outcome. The fraction of the favorable check details group was significantly higher. Cut-off values to acquire a favorable outcome

were 11.64% (P = 0.026) on the T4-L4 level and 3.35 cm(3) (P = 0.059), 11.65% P = 0.059) on the T11-L1 level. Group with intradiscal leakage had a smaller volume than nonleakage group on the L2-L4 level (3.86 cm(3) vs. 5.65 cm(3), P = 0.002). There were no relationships of volumetric data with epidural leakage and pulmonary embolism. The presence of IVVC increased volume on the T4-L4 and L2-L4 level (P < 0.03). Larger volume increased significantly the incidence of adjacent fracture on the L2-L4 level. The significant cut-off volume to avoid adjacent fracture was 4.90 cm(3) on the ROC curve.

Conclusion. It is suggested that fraction is superior to volume for predicting outcome on the T11-L1 level and an amount of cement

should be determined in terms of FBV and fraction according to the treated level. A lower fraction than required for the restoration of mechanical property was enough to obtain pain relief. Intradiscal leakage on the L2-L4 level may be inevitable to obtain appropriate mechanical properties in the case of severe endplate breakdown connected with the disc space. AZD9291 manufacturer Smaller volume is needed to avoid an adjacent fracture on the L2-L4 level. Although we did not know the reason why there was a difference among the treated level groups, one thing that is certain is the fact that level-specific approaches may be necessary for good outcome in terms of volume, fraction and FBV.”
“.

Chronic hepatitis C represents a major cause of progressive liver disease that can eventually IWR-1-endo Stem Cells & Wnt inhibitor evolve into cirrhosis and its end-stage complications. Formation and accumulation of fibrosis in the liver is the common pathway that leads to evolutive liver disease. Precise staging of liver fibrosis is essential for patient management in clinical practice because the presence of bridging fibrosis represents a strong indication for antiviral therapy, while cirrhosis requires a specific follow-up. Liver biopsy has always represented the standard of reference for assessment of hepatic fibrosis, but it has limitations: it is invasive, costly and prone to sampling errors. Recently, blood markers and instrumental methods have been proposed for the noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in hepatitis C. However, international guidelines do not recommend the widespread use of noninvasive methods for liver fibrosis in clinical practice. This is because of, in some cases, unsatisfactory accuracy and incomplete validation of others.

The majority of IHH men respond well to induction of spermatogenesis with gonadotropins or pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Favourable prognostic factors include larger testicular

size, prior gonadotropin therapy, no previous androgen therapy, absence of cryptorchidism Selleckchem GSK1904529A and pretreatment inhibin B levels more than 60 pg/ml. Genetic factors influence response to therapy and patients with KAL1 mutations tend to have less favourable outcomes as they may have defects in multiple levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Androgen replacement is warranted in all IHH patients after usual chronological age of puberty, and poor treatment compliance is associated with lower bone mineral density and higher fat mass. However, 10% of patients display sustained reversal so a brief treatment interruption should be considered.

Summary

IHH is a heterogeneous disorder. The complex genetics and interaction with environmental factors likely underlie the variable

expressivity of the reproductive and nonreproductive phenotypes. The demonstration of reversibility, the impact of inadequate testosterone replacement and the good response to induction of spermatogenesis confirm the need for specialist care and long-term follow-up.”
“Propionibacterium acnes selleck chemicals naturally produces endogenous porphyrins that are composed of coproporphyrin III (CPIII) and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Red light alone and photodynamic therapy (PDT) improve acne vulgaris A-1210477 clinically, but there remains a paucity of quantitative data that directly examine the bactericidal effects that result from PDT on P. acnes itself in vitro. The purpose of this study was to measure the difference of bactericidal effects

of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT with red and blue light on P. acnes. P. acnes were cultured under anaerobic conditions and divided into two groups (ALA-treated group and control group), and were then illuminated with blue (415 nm) and red (635 nm) lights using a light-emitting diode (LED). The cultured P. acnes were killed with both blue and red LED light illumination. The efficacy increased with larger doses of light and a greater number of consecutive illuminations. We demonstrated that red light phototherapy was less effective for the eradication of P. acnes than blue light phototherapy without the addition of ALA. However, pretreatment with ALA could enhance markedly the efficacy of red light phototherapy.”
“Background Substantial efforts over the past decade have increased rates of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) use in the United States. We sought to determine changes in patient characteristics and rates of tPA use over time among hospitalized acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Thirty consecutive CHF patients and 26 healthy control

subjects were evaluated for peripheral blood monocyte expression of CD14, CD16 and CD143 (ACE) by flow-cytometry, and for endothelial-derived soluble CD146 levels by ELISA.

CD14(++) CD16(+) frequency was significantly higher in CHF patients than in Controls (%, median value and IQ) (12.3, 8.7-14.8 vs 5.9, 4.7-6.9, p < 0.05, CHF vs Controls), and it increased depending on how high NYHA class was, on worsening LV ejection fraction and on circulating pro-BNP values. Furthermore, it was associated with increasing creatinine and with decreasing GFR and albumin levels. Monocyte CD143 expression was significantly elevated in CHF OICR-9429 ic50 patients as compared to Controls, and positively associated with CD14(++) CD16(+) levels. Frequencies of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes were significantly lower in CHF patients as compared Cediranib to Controls, and negatively correlated with levels of soluble CD146 (r = -0.529; p 0.048).

In conclusion, monocytic CD14(++)CD16(+) frequency and CD143 levels are increased and reflect disease status and progressive cardiac deterioration in CHF patients. The CD14(+)CD16(+) subset is depleted in CHF and is linked to endothelial damage in this group of patients.

Although the question of whether differences in monocyte CD14CD16 expansion are causal or whether

they represent a marker of HF progression which is potentially relevant for risk prediction remains unanswered, we believe that our data represent an important tool for exploring the role of selective inflammatory pathways in CHF progression.”
“Objective: To determine the effect of race in the risks of prematurity-related complications (PRC) after elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD).

Methods: The NCHS-CDC Database for the U. S. (2004-2008) was used. ERCD cases were included. Exclusion criteria were multiple gestation, trial of labor, fetal anomalies, history of diabetes and/or hypertension. PRC analyzed were: Apgar score, assisted ventilation,

intensive MEK inhibitor care admission, surfactant use, antibiotic use, seizures. Regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of these variables. Deliveries at 36-40 weeks were studied with 40 weeks as reference.

Results: Totally, 785 340 ERCDs were performed between 36 and 40 weeks. For the overall population, there was not difference in adverse outcomes between 39 and 40 weeks. The rates of PRC were significantly higher in newborns at 38 compared to 39 weeks, with similar findings in sub-analysis of whites. For African-Americans, the rate of PRC was not significantly different at 38 compared to 39 weeks.

Conclusions: We report increased rates of PRC after ERCD before 39 weeks, similar findings from smaller hospital-based studies.

A causal association is more likely with repeated injury following influenza vaccination.”
“This work reports upon the dilution effect of Ar + H-2 on the microstructures, optical, and photovoltaic properties of the hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) thin films. High crystallinity (up to 82.6%) nc-Si: H thin films were fabricated from silane diluted by Ar + H-2 in a low-frequency inductively coupled plasma (LFICP) facility at a low temperature of

300 degrees KU-57788 mouse C. The substitution of H2 by Ar in the diluent gas leads to an increase of the deposition rate, grain size, and crystallinity, and a decrease of the optical bandgap. Varying the Ar content caused a fluctuation of the H concentration and a change of the preferential orientation from (111) to (220) in the synthesized thin films. These effects physically originated from changes of the Ar + H-2 + SiH4 plasma environment in the LFICP system. The enhancement of the dissociation of SiH4/H-2 molecules by ion Ar+ and the metastable state Ar* were discussed in terms of related chemical reactions p38 MAPK inhibitor between the diluent gases and silane. Furthermore, it was found that a heterojunction solar cell prototype based on the as-deposited

nc-Si: H thin films exhibits an excellent photovoltaic response. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3605288]“
“A cDNA library was constructed from the mature leaves of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) learn more were generated by single pass sequencing of 4500 cDNA clones. We submitted 3412 ESTs to dbEST of NCBI. Clustering of these ESTs yielded 1665 unigenes comprising of 345 contigs and 1320 singletons. Out of 1665 unigenes, 1278 unigenes were annotated by similarity search while the remaining 387 unannotated unigenes were considered as organism specific. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the unigene dataset showed 691 unigenes related to biological processes, 727 to molecular functions and 588 to cellular component category. On the

basis of similarity search and GO annotation, 43 unigenes were found responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses. To validate this observation, 13 genes that are known to be associated with cold stress tolerance from previous studies in Arabidopsis and 3 novel transcripts were examined by Real time RT-PCR to understand the change in expression pattern under cold/freeze stress. In silico study of occurrence of microsatellites in these ESTs revealed the presence of 62 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), some of which are being explored to assess genetic diversity among seabuckthorn collections. This is the first report of generation of transcriptome data providing information about genes involved in managing plant abiotic stress in seabuckthorn, a plant known for its enormous medicinal and ecological value. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS.

The results of this study challenges the current assumption that the presence and ecological consequence of dingoes in sheep country are negligible and we suggest that wildlife managers verify whether dingoes are present before predator control is initiated. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“To GSK2879552 clinical trial reproduce the excellent characteristics of natural fibers like wool and proteins, a novel two-spinneret electrospinning technology was demonstrated in this communication, which can generate three-dimensional self-crimp fibers of HSPET/PTT, HSPET/PAN and PU/PAN directly. In the apparatus, two spinnerets were used to prevent gel formation or precipitation of the polymer, and the voltages of

opposite polarities were applied to the spinnerets respectively. And the elecctrospun fibers morphology was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

(c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“This multicenter study examined prevalence of cognitive and academic delays in children following liver transplant (LT). One hundred and forty-four patients ages 5-7 and 2 years post-LT were recruited through the SPLIT consortium and administered the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 3rd Edition (WPPSI-III), the Bracken Basic Concept Scale, Revised (BBCS-R), and the Wide Range Achievement Test, 4th edition (WRAT-4). Parents and teachers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive selleck compound Function (BRIEF). Participants performed significantly below test norms on intelligence quotient (IQ) and achievement measures click here (Mean WPPSI-III Full Scale IQ = 94.7 +/- 13.5; WRAT-4 Reading = 92.7 +/- 17.2; WRAT-4 Math = 93.1 +/- 15.4; p < 0001). Twenty-six percent of patients (14% expected) had ‘mild to moderate’ IQ delays (Full Scale IQ = 71-85) and 4% (2% expected) had ‘serious’ delays (Full Scale IQ < 70; p < 0.0001). Reading and/or math scores were weaker than IQ in 25%, suggesting learning

disability, compared to 7% expected by CDC statistics (p < 0.0001). Executive deficits were noted on the BRIEF, especially by teacher report (Global Executive Composite = 58; p < 0.001). Results suggest a higher prevalence of cognitive and academic delays and learning problems in pediatric LT recipients compared to the normal population.”
“In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) p53 pathways are up-regulated and there is an increased susceptibility to apoptosis. The hypothesis is that p53 codon 72 polymorphism could be associated with T1D. A total of 286 children with T1D and a control sample of 730 subjects were studied. p53 codon 72 polymorphism was analysed by polymerase chain reaction. A large increase of p53 *Arg/* Arg was observed in T1D patients with age at onset <6 years. A strong linear correlation between *Arg/* Arg genotype and age at onset was observed in females.