The 60 minute steady state interval was chosen ac cording to at least five times the Ep plasma half life in healthy subjects and the dead volume of the CVC used to infuse Ep at 0. 3 to 1 mL?h 1 rate flow. C0 was used to assess plasma levels of endogenous Ep. Only C0 and C1 were drawn in patients who weighed less than inhibitor Bosutinib 2,500 g, according to the percentage of blood volume permitted by the Ethics Committee of our institution. Sample handling Blood assigned to catecholamine assays was sampled in EDTA tubes placed in an ice bucket then immediately centrifuged at 3,000 g for 5 minutes. The plasma samples were then separated and immediately stored at ?20 C and thereafter at ?80 C before 24 hours running. Assay Ep concentrations were blindly determined by means of HPLC with colorimetric detection.

After thawing, the volume of each sample was adjusted to 4 mL by adding distilled water and the internal Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries standard, dihy droxybenzylamine. A 20 uL aliquot at 10 C was then injected into the chromatographic system comprised of a column, an electrochemical ESA colorimetric detector, dual analytic cells set at ?0. 05 V for the first detector and ?0. 3 V for the second detector, and a conditioning cell set at 0. 3 V. The mobile phase, at 1. 2 mL?min 1, consisted of a mixture of an aqueous acidic buffer containing heptane sulfonic acid and acetonitrile. Ep calibration curves were prepared according to the same procedure. The measured Ep concentration in pmol?mL 1 was converted to Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries ug?L 1. The detection threshold for HPLC was 0. 2 pmol?mL 1. Endogenous and exogenous Ep were strictly identical with regard to chromatographic detection.

Patient data Baseline patient characteristics were recorded, including non cardiac medical history, gender, age, BW, RACHS 1 category, type of congenital heart defect, preoperative cyanotic status and left ventricular ejection fraction, dur ation of CBP and aortic cross clamping, duration of pCVICU stay, mechanical endotracheal Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries ventilation dur ation and death during pCVICU stay. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Duration of both Ep and milrinone infusion were recorded. Variation Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of infused doses was recorded during the first 6 hours. HR and invasive MAP data were recorded prior to CPB, at initiation of Ep, and then every 10 minutes for the first hour and thereafter every hour or less if needed during the subsequent 6 hours. Left ven tricular ejection fraction was measured at least once during the 6 hours.

CVP was systematically recorded as well as LAP when measured. Temperature inhibitor Vandetanib and urine outputs were recorded during 6 hours following CBP. Plasma lactate and glucose levels were re corded before surgery and at least once thereafter during the following 6 hours. Arterial pH, ionized plasma calcium levels and plasma HCO levels were recorded during the first 6 hours. Results are expressed as raw numbers or medians.