For example, in Trichostatin A cell line middle-aged CKD with chronic glomerulonephritis, RAS inhibitors (ARB, ACEI) are recommended as the first-line anti-hypertensive drugs. The dosage of RAS inhibitors may be cautiously titrated to reduce proteinuria to the levels
of A1 or A2 categories, with attention to the symptoms of hypotension and decline of eGFR. In addition, it has been reported that seasonal BP changes may affect conditions of click here hypertension and CKD. Particularly tailoring anti-hypertensive therapy is suggested to be crucial for the management of CKD in elderly patients. Bibliography 1. Sleigh P, et al. J Hypertens. 2009;27:1360–9. (Level 2) 2. Bakris GL, et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36:646–61. (Level 4) 3. Jafar TH, et al. Ann Intern Med. see more 2003;139:244–52. (Level 4) 4. Adler AI, et al. BMJ. 2000;321:412–9. (Level 4) 5. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20:883–92. (Level 2) 6. Uzu T, et al. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2012;6:124–31. (Level
4) 7. Cushman WC, et al. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1575–85. (Level 2) 8. Bangalore S, et al. Circulation. 2011;123:2799–810. (Level 1) 9. Pohl MA, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:3027–37. (Level 2) 10. Cooper-DeHoff RM, et al. JAMA. 2010;304:61–8. (Level 2) 11. Kawamori R, et al. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009;83:241–8. (Level 4) 12. Klahr S, et al. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:877–84. (Level 2) 13. Wright JT Jr, et al. JAMA. 2002;288:2421–31. (Level 2) next 14. Ruggenenti P, et al. Lancet. 2005;365:939–46. (Level 2) 15. Peralta CA, et al. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:41–7. (Level 4) 16. Peterson JC, et al. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:754–62. (Level 2) 17. Sarnak MJ, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:342–51. (Level 2) 18. Appel LJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:918–29. (Level 4) 19. Upadhyay A, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:541–8. (Level 4) 20. Ninomiya T, et al.
Circulation. 2008;118:2694–701. (Level 4) 21. Irie F, et al. Kidney Int. 2006;69:1264–71. (Level 4) 22. Kokubo Y, et al. Stroke. 2009;40:2674–9. (Level 4) 23. Lawes CM, et al. J Hypertens. 2003;21:707–16. (Level 4) 24. Weiner DE, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:960–6. (Level 4) 25. Ninomiya T, et al. Kidney Int. 2008;73:963–70. (Level 2) Is restriction of salt intake recommended for the management of hypertension in CKD? The salt restriction reportedly reduced proteinuria and inhibited the progression of CKD. The dietary sodium restriction to <6 g/day was more effective than dual RAS inhibition for reducing proteinuria and BP in non-diabetic CKD. In addition, therapeutic effects of ARB compared with non-RAS inhibitor-based therapy on renal and cardiovascular outcomes were greater in diabetic CKD with lower rather than higher dietary sodium intake. Collectively, we recommend salt restriction to inhibit the progression of CKD via efficient BP reduction. The recommended target level of salt intake is 3–6 g/day.