We envisage that the present study would aid in the design of delivery systems capable of sustained release of multiple drugs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“AIM: To evaluate transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with covered stents for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with main portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).\n\nMETHODS: Eleven advanced HCC patients (all male, aged 37-78 years, mean: 54.3 +/- 12.7 years) presented with acute massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 9) or refractory ascites (n = 2) due to tumor thrombus in the main portal vein. The diagnosis of PVTT was based on contrast-enhanced selleck chemicals computed tomography and color Doppler

sonography. The patients underwent TIPS with covered stents. Clinical characteristics and average survival time of 11 patients were analyzed. Portal vein pressure was assessed before and after TIPS. The follow-up period was 2-18 mo.\n\nRESULTS: TIPS with covered stents was successfully completed in all 11 patients. The mean portal vein pressure was reduced from 32.0 to 11.8 mmHg (t = 10.756, P = 0.000). Gastrointestinal

bleeding was stopped in nine patients. Refractory ascites completely disappeared in one patient and was alleviated in another. Hepatic encephalopathy was observed in six patients and was resolved with drug therapy. During the follow-up, ultrasound indicated the patency of the shunt and there was no recurrence of symptoms. Death occurred 2-14 mo (mean: 5.67 mo) after TIPS 4SC-202 supplier in nine cases, which were all due to multiple organ failure. In the

remaining two VX-689 ic50 cases, the patients were still alive at the 16- and 18-mo follow-up, respectively.\n\nCONCLUSION: TIPS with covered stents for HCC patients with tumor thrombus in the main portal vein is technically feasible, and short-term efficacy is favorable. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.”
“This study assesses exemplarily the regional structure of mental health services and the practice of cooperation of mental health service providers. The aim is to identify starting points for improving mental health care.\n\n(1) Mapping of mental health services in four exemplary regions (urban/rural, East/West Germany) using the European Service Mapping Schedule. (2) Analysis of the practice of cooperation in mental health care using focus groups and a postal survey of psychiatrists and psychotherapists working in private practice.\n\nAll surveyed regions have a well-developed and complex service system available. Cooperation in mental health care takes place in flexible networks rather than in fixed relationships. An explicit concept of cooperation does not exist. Time and resources promote cooperation. Psychiatrists and psychotherapists working in outpatient care mainly cooperate among themselves and rarely on an interdisciplinary basis. In particular psychotherapists are usually not part of cooperation networks.