This cross-sectional prospective study involved healthy pregnant women at 12-14 weeks of pregnancy with a crown-rump length (CRL) of 84 mm or shorter. The following four cardiac views were assessed: four-chamber, left and right ventricular outflow tract, and aortic arch views. The same examiner sought to identify these four views using B-mode, color Doppler, and STIC via both the vaginal and abdominal routes. The study determined the proportion of cases and the respective 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) in which all four views were identified. The presence of significant differences in comparisons between methods was analyzed using McNemar’s test. Although 57 pregnant

women at 12-14 weeks of pregnancy agreed to participate in the study, LY2157299 nmr 4 were not included because they presented with a CRL longer than 84 mm. Thus, 53 pregnant women were thoroughly assessed and included in the analysis. The combination of B-mode, color Doppler, and STIC via both the abdominal and p38 MAPK phosphorylation vaginal routes enabled the highest proportion of identification of the four views (90.6 %; 95 % CI, 79.8-95.9 %). The lowest proportions were observed when B-mode was used alone via both the vaginal route (30.2 %; 95

% CI, 19.5-43.5 %) and the abdominal route (37.7 %; 95 % CI, 25.9-51.2 %). The abdominal route showed results slightly better than those of the vaginal route with all the methods, but the differences were not statistically significant. In the vast majority of the cases, the fetal hearts were properly assessed at 12-14 weeks of pregnancy when several methods were combined using both the abdominal and vaginal routes. However, only one-third PD0325901 nmr of them would have had adequate heart assessment if the B-mode via either the abdominal or the vaginal route had been used alone.”
“SETTING: The epidemiology of zoonotic tuberculosis (ZTB)

in humans in Mexico is poorly known.

OBJECTIVE: To identify isolates of Mycobacterium bovis in humans and cattle by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and establish the clinical and epidemiological importance of ZTB in humans.

DESIGN: From 1995 to 2009, 124 isolates from patients with TB and 60 isolates from cattle were analysed. PCR identification was performed using the oxyR gene, and the clinical and epidemiological aspects of ZTB in humans were investigated.

RESULTS: PCR identified 93 M. bovis isolates: 35 (28%) from the 124 human isolates and 58 (97%) from the 60 cattle isolates. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were 100%. ZTB in the 35 patients presented as extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) in 74%: 51% were children, 69% had malnutrition, 51% had consumed unpasteurised milk and 6% had contact with animals; 11% were relapses and 31% died.