Therefore,

the investigation of its use in children and adolescents with AIDS might provide information about the response to this vaccine, as well as its potential for preventing meningococcal disease. The main objective of this Selleck Epacadostat study was to evaluate the antibody response to the meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected children, adolescents, and young adults. Additional objectives included determining whether the immunity acquired correlated with clinical, viral, and immunological parameters of infection; analysing the response to a second dose of the vaccine, if necessary; and reporting any side effects of the vaccine. This was a prospective clinical trial involving a cumulative sample of HIV-infected children, adolescents, and young adults (HIV+ group) and age-matched non-HIV-individuals (HIV− group). The sample

size was calculated considering an expected rate of 60% of subjects with a post-vaccination serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titer ≥8, assuming an actual proportion of 90%. To compensate for a potential loss of 20%, we selected 40 subjects for inclusion in each group. The method employed was hypothesis testing for comparing two proportions [20]. All subjects were recruited among patients treated at the Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases – Brazil or at the Centro de Referência e Treinamento em DST/Aids – Programa Estadual São Paulo – Brazil, both located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Patients GDC 0068 were considered eligible if they were between 10 and 20 years of age, had never been vaccinated with meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine, had no prior history of meningococcal disease or meningitis of undetermined etiology, had not used corticosteroids at immunosuppressive doses, had not

and been treated with immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy, and presented with no evidence of significant dyslipidemia [21]. The inclusion criteria for the HIV+ group were being HIV-infected, having a CD4 count ≥100 cells/mm3, and not having received immunoglobulin therapy within the last six months. The inclusion criterion for the HIV− group was having no underlying disease that would result in immunosuppression or would require immunosuppressive therapy. The HIV− group patients with unknown HIV serologic status were submitted to a rapid HIV test to confirm that status. We collected demographic, clinical, viral and immunological data at inclusion. All patients underwent an initial blood test to determine pre-vaccination SBA titers, after which they were vaccinated with the meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine in isolation (i.e., no other vaccine was administered).