Table 1 Mean (SD) of variables in the cross-sections of aortic segments from infected and sham inoculated apoE KO mice Group
Plaque/internal surface Mean (SD) External Diameter Mean (SD) % obstruction Mean (SD) plaque height Inflammation adventitia (0 – 3+) MP (n = 12) 0.038 (0.037) 0.38 (0.11) 69 (26) 0.20 (0.12) 0.22 (0.67) CP (n = 7) 0.043 (0.028) 0.37 (0.11) 90(26) 0.23 (0.08) 0.44 (0.53) MPCP (n = 5) 0.032 (0.027) 0.30 (0.11) 84 (4.0) 0.18 (0.08) 1.33 (0.82) Sham inoculated (n = 6) 0.02 (0.03) 0.30 (0.11) 42 (46) 0.08 (0.09) 0.71 (0.76) P (ANOVA and Dunn’s test) 0.20 0.27 0.047 (CP vs Sham) 0.07 0.02 (MP vs MPCP) P (T test) 0.07 (MP vs Sham) 0.06 (CP vs Sham) 0.012 this website (CP vs Sham) MP – Mycoplasma pneumoniae, CP – Chlamydia pneumoniae, SD -Standard Deviation. P values correspond to ANOVA test and Dunn’s, for non-normally distributed values or Bonferroni’s test for normally distributed values. In variables showing a trend
to be different when comparing simultaneously the 4 groups, Student T test was used to compare the two groups with the highest difference. It showed significant major plaque high in CP group than the sham and a trend to have major plaque area/internal surface in MP and CP groups than in sham group. External diameter, which indicates vessel remodeling, did not differ between infected versus Pevonedistat solubility dmso sham groups. However, the animals infected with CP or MP inoculums exhibited more atheroma plaques on the intima surface (0.043 +/- 0.028 and 0.038 +/- 0.037 mm2/mm) than the sham group (0.020 +/- 0.03 mm2/mm) with no statistical significant Y-27632 2HCl difference (p = 0.06 and p = 0.07, respectively). The most severely obstructed
atherosclerotic sites had increased plaque height in the CP group compared with sham and more adventitial inflammation in MP+CP group, compared with MP group. There was not Captisol manufacturer ruptured plaque in any of the groups. Discussion The present study showed that intraperitoneal inoculation of MP, CP or the both microbes aggravated atherosclerosis induced by cholesterol-enriched-diet in apoE KO male mice, as measured by plaque height, % luminal obstruction, adventitial inflammation and amount of plaque area/internal surface. This study analyzed the ascending aorta and aortic arch, which are segments of aorta that are more prone to development of atherosclerosis [5]. CP infection is associated with increased lymphocytic inflammation [9]. Particular characteristics of mycoplasma might contribute to different atheroma plaque outcomes: Mycoplasma growth depends of cholesterol viability, this microorganism has surface compounds that modulates the host immune response, cause immunosuppression and facilitates the proliferation of other infectious agents [19]. However MP seems to inhibit CP growth [11].