Supplementary Material Supplementary Material can be found online at http://www.ntr.oxfordjournals.org Funding The U. K. Medical Research Council (grant 74882), the Wellcome Trust (grant 076467), and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This selleck Tofacitinib publication is the work of the authors who will serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper. J.H. is supported by the U.K. Medical Research Council (grants G0800612 and G0802736) and the Wellcome Trust (grant 086684). Declaration of Interests None declared. Supplementary Material Supplementary Data: Click here to view. Acknowledgments We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists, and nurses.

Enactment of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act creates a number of research opportunities, some of which are mandated by the statute. The Act establishes Food and Drug Administration jurisdiction over tobacco and reestablishes the FDA regulations initially issued in 1996 concerning the sale of tobacco to minors. The public health value of enforcing restrictions on the sale of tobacco to minors is now well established, but many questions remain regarding the most efficient approach to enforcement. Evaluations are needed concerning the effectiveness of restrictions on the distribution of free samples, restrictions on advertising of cigarettes to youth, and enforcement of sales restrictions on Indian lands.

The potential impact of raising the minimum age for tobacco sales to 21 years needs investigation. Legal and regulatory strategies to encourage tobacco manufacturers to take responsibility for keeping their products out of the hands of children need to be explored. Introduction This paper considers potential research opportunities and challenges concerning aspects of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act that pertain to youth. These involve various aspects of the sale and promotion of tobacco. Each section begins with a brief overview of the issue and a description of prior regulation. The relevant aspects of the Act will be outlined, followed by a list of bulleted ideas for potential research.

The ideas and opinions expressed are those of the author. Retail Sales to Minors History of Regulation Individual states have long regulated the sale of tobacco to minors, but such laws were rarely enforced until the 1990s Brefeldin_A (Jason, Ji, Anes, & Birkhead, 1991). The first federal regulation of such sales was through the Synar Amendment, which was enacted in 1992 but did not go into effect until the publication of the final rules in 1996 (Department of Health and Human Services, 1996).