\n\nDesign: Longitudinal population study.\n\nSetting: Community living subjects in Hong Kong.\n\nSubjects: One thousand and ten Chinese subjects participating in a territory wide dietary and cardiovascular risk factor prevalence survey in 1995 – 1996 were followed up for 5 – 9 years.\n\nMeasurements:

Body mass index (BMI) was measured. Information was collected on factors predisposing to development of overweight and obesity (age, gender, education level, physical activity, macronutrient intake, Mediterranean diet score and food variety), and the predisposing dietary factors examined, adjusted for other confounding factors, using logistic regression.\n\nResults: Selleckchem Ganetespib The 5 – 9- year incidence of overweight is 22.6% (BMI >= 23 kg/m(2), 95% confidence interval (CI)=d 15.0 – 30.1%) or 11.5% (BMI >= 25 kg/m(2), 95% CI = 7.3 – 15.7%), and for obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) is 0.6% (95% CI = 0.2 – 1.4%). The corresponding figures for women were 14.1% (95% CI = 8.8 – 19.5%), 9.7% (95% CI = 6.0 – 13.4%) and 3% (95% CI = 1.3 4.8%). After adjusting for confounding factors (age, sex, education and physical activity), increased

variety of snack consumption was associated with increased risk of developing overweight (BMI >= 23 kg/m(2)) in the Hong Kong buy MGCD0103 Chinese population over a 5 – 9- year period.\n\nConclusion: Increased variety of snack consumption may predispose to weight gain over a 5 – 9- year period.”
“Background/Aims: The reasons for lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores in women compared to men on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are unknown. We investigated whether depression accounts for gender differences in HRQOL. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 868 (40.9% women) Brazilian MHD patients (PROHEMO Study). We used the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form to assess HRQOL and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale (scores from 0-60) to assess depression with scores 6 18 indicating high depression probability. Results: Higher depression

scores were associated with lower HRQOL in both sexes. Women had higher depression scores; 51.8% of women versus 38.2% of men (p < 0.001) Danusertib concentration had CES-D scores >= 18. Women scored lower on all 9 assessed HRQOL scales. The female-to-male differences in HRQOL were slightly reduced with inclusion of Kt/V and comorbidities in regression models. Substantial additional reductions in female-to-male differences in all HRQOL scales were observed after including depression scores in the models, by 50.9% for symptoms/problems related to renal failure, by 71.6% for mental health and by 87.1% for energy/vitality. Conclusions: Lower HRQOL among women was largely explained by depression symptoms. Results support greater emphasis on treating depression to improve HRQOL in MHD patients, particularly women. Copyright (c) 2010 S.