(C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polyrn Sci 113: 4032-4041, 2009″
“The stability of the major flavonol glucosides and anthocyanins was studied in two regional varieties of Portuguese PP2 inhibitor onion (a white variety “”branca da Povoa”" and a red variety “”vermelha da Povoa”"). White and red onions from 2007 and 2008 harvests were subjected to field curing with and without light, but the red cultivar from 2008 was also subjected to typical domestic processing, including chopping and different cooking treatments. Field curing resulted in increases in quercetin content compared to levels at lifting, especially important for all white bulbs (33-40% increase). Flavonol and anthocyanin levels in onions cured
in the dark were similar to those obtained in bulbs cured in the light. The treatments chopping followed by refrigerated storage, oven roasting and frying, did practically not contribute to modify the total levels of flavonols. Moderate microwave cooking did not affect to the flavonol content, but intense microwave treatment cause flavonol losses of 16% and 18% for quercetin 3,4′-diglucoside (QdG) and quercetin 4′-glucoside (QmG). respectively. Boiling onions for 30 min leaded losses of quercetin glycosides which, leached to the boiling water
without being degraded at 37% and 29% for QdG and QmG, respectively. Boiling for 60 min had more severe effects, since it caused the degradation of quercetin derivatives at 53% and 44% for QdG and QmG, respectively. For anthocyanins, Ro-3306 solubility dmso BLZ945 ic50 the severity of the cooking treatments was in the following order: frying > boiling > roasting (microwave roasting > oven roasting). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective-To identify dogs and cats with baclofen toxicosis and characterize the patient population, clinical signs, and outcome.
Design-Retrospective case series.
Animals-140 dogs and 5 cats with baclofen toxicosis.
Procedures-An animal poison control center electronic database was reviewed from November 2004 through April
2010 to identify dogs and cats with baclofen toxicosis. Information on signalment, clinical signs, and amount of baclofen ingested was obtained. Clinical signs were categorized as CNS, gastrointestinal, general malaise, cardiovascular, respiratory, or urogenital. Follow-up communications were performed to determine overall outcome.
Results-Dogs had a median age of 0.67 years (range, 0.1 to 15 years) and cats of 1 year (range, 0.7 to 16 years). Of 145 patients, 133 (92%) developed clinical signs of baclofen toxicosis. A total of 259 signs fell within defined categories: CNS (121/259 [46.7%]), gastrointestinal (69/259 [26.6%]), general malaise (27/259 [10.4%]), cardiovascular (23/259 [8.9%]), respiratory (14/259 [5.4%]), and urogenital (5/259 11.9%]). For 68 dogs with known survival status, survival rate was 83.8% (57/68); of these dogs, the amount of baclofen ingested was known for 53 (46 survivors and 7 nonsurvivors).