This is in agreement with Muniesa et al. (1999), who demonstrated the dominance of myovirid coliphages in anthropogenically polluted areas. Some densely populated

sites close to the Curonian Lagoon ( Figure 1) had no water treatment facilities, so municipal discharges could be a potential source of the elevated numbers of myoviruses Epacadostat nmr in such areas. On the other hand, the size range of phages was shown to be related to the morphology (Weinbauer & Peduzzi 1994) and community structure of the hosts (Mathias et al. 1995). Cyanobacteria make a significant contribution to phytoplankton in the shallow, low-salinity lagoons of the Baltic Sea (Carsten et al. 2004). According to Safferman et al. (1983), cyanophages range in size between 50 and 100 nm and most of them (up to 80%) belong to the family Myoviridae. BGB324 order Their high morphological diversity was shown to depend on salinity ( Lu et al. 2001). The Curonian Lagoon was dominated by cyanobacteria (particularly the filamentous Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) during the survey ( Olenina 2006). Electron micrograph analysis showed

the A. flos-aquae virus to be of 50–60 nm capsid size with a 20–30 nm contractile tail in eutrophic lakes ( Granhall 1972). According to these descriptions A. flos-aquae viruses tend to belong to the family Podoviridae. Moreover, the A. flos-aquae virus was found to appear only in the active growing season of these cyanobacteria and seems to regulate bloom termination ( Granhall 1972). The considerable role of viruses in terminating blooms was shown Methocarbamol in other studies ( Jacquet et al. 2002), and the ‘kill the winner’ hypothesis was proposed ( Thingstad & Lignell 1997). However, the quantitative evaluation of viral impact, and particularly of cyanophages, on host community structure and activity as well as in mass cyanobacteria development needs to

be determined in further investigations of the Curonian Lagoon. The 80–100 nm and 100–120 nm size fractions of viruses were dominant in the freshwater part of the Curonian Lagoon, while an increase in the 30–60 nm size fraction was observed in the northern part (possibly due to the sea water intrusion and mixing of water masses). Such a distribution could imply active virus interaction within microbial communities in different zones of the lagoon. The larger viruses show a smaller burst size (Weinbauer & Peduzzi 1994), and consequently lower production and infection rates (Murray & Jackson 1992). Moreover, larger viruses tend to be grazed more efficiently than smaller ones (Gonzalez & Suttle 1993). Hence, the relative importance of larger size-fraction viruses is limited by the physiological state of the host (e.g. cell size) and increased top-down pressures.