profundum, representing a presumed chimeric form of PKS. As PfaB is the key selleck screening library enzyme determining the final product in EPA or DHA biosynthesis [42], the actual product of this PKS system may need to be clarified experimentally. Some PUFA-producing Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries bacteria such as Moritella marina MP-1 [39,43] were reported to require an additional gene, pfaE, encoding a phosphopantheteinyl transferase. However, the pfaE gene was not identified in strain YM16-304T. Other classes of phosphopantheteinyl transferase Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries (e.g. YM304_08850) may substitute the function of PfaE, similar to the case suggested in P. profundum SS9 [44]. Cell surface Strain YM16-304 seemed to possess 13 ORFs containing LPXTG motif (InterPro ID: IPR001899), the presumed sorting signal of cell surface proteins in Gram-positive bacteria [45].

It was reported that several cell surface proteins containing LPXTG motif act as an adhesion factor known as microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries molecules (MSCRAMMs) [46]. The genome of strain YM16-304 contained extracellular polysaccharide gene cluster (YM304_29910- YM304_30490), including gene cluster for the synthesis of sialic acids (YM304_30300- YM304_30320), which are also crucial for Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries cell adhesion [47]. These extracellular components might serve for the bacterium to adhere to host tissues such as marine sponges. Many marine bacteria use the Na+ cycle and require Na+ for their growth [48]. In these bacteria, Na+ is often used in the respiratory chain, ATP synthase, flagellar rotation and solute uptake instead of H+ [49].

Some bacteria can use both Na+ and H+ to expand the range of environments in which the bacteria can grow Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries [50]. Strain YM16-304 was isolated from a sand sample collected at a beach and grows optimally in marine broth media, suggesting its marine origin. However, the gene products for the respiratory chain and ATP synthase were predicted to be of the H+-dependent type by similarity search. The Anacetrapib Na+-dependent amino acid symporters were also not identified, nor was the H+-dependent symporters.