A severe environmental hazard in major global coal-producing nations, underground coal fires are widespread and significantly impede the secure operation and exploitation of coal mines. Precise coal fire detection in the subterranean realm is essential for the success of related fire control engineering initiatives. This study examined 426 research articles sourced from the Web of Science database, encompassing publications between 2002 and 2022. The research content of underground coal fires was further elucidated using the analytical power of VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The results show that the current research emphasis in this field is on the investigation of underground coal fire detection techniques. Considering the future trajectory of research, the utilization of multi-information fusion techniques for detection and inversion of underground coal fires will likely be prominent. Besides this, we critically analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of several single-indicator inversion detection methodologies, including the temperature method, gas and radon method, natural potential method, magnetic method, electrical method, remote sensing, and geological radar technique. Moreover, we undertook a meticulous examination of the benefits inherent in multi-information fusion inversion detection methodologies, renowned for their high accuracy and broad applicability in coal fire detection, while concurrently acknowledging the intricacies associated with managing heterogeneous data streams. The research results presented in this paper are intended to help researchers involved in the detection of and practical research on underground coal fires gain valuable insights and new ideas.

The parabolic dish collector (PDC) is a highly efficient device for producing hot fluids for medium-temperature operations. Thermal energy storage systems leverage the high energy density of phase change materials (PCMs). Using a circular flow path, this experimental study proposes a solar receiver for the PDC, with PCM-filled metallic tubes surrounding it. The selected PCM is a eutectic blend of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate, with a composition of 60% and 40% by weight, respectively. Under peak solar radiation of approximately 950 watts per square meter, the receiver surface reached a maximum temperature of 300 degrees Celsius. The modified receiver underwent outdoor testing utilizing water as the heat transfer fluid. At mass flow rates of 0.111 kg/s, 0.125 kg/s, and 0.138 kg/s for the heat transfer fluid (HTF), the receiver's energy efficiency is estimated to be 636%, 668%, and 754%, respectively. The receiver's exergy efficiency, at a flow rate of 0.0138 kilograms per second, is estimated to be 811%. A reduction in CO2 emissions of approximately 116 tons was observed in the receiver, operating at a rate of 0.138 kg/s. A critical analysis of exergetic sustainability utilizes key indicators, including waste exergy ratio, improvement potential, and a sustainability index. Immune evolutionary algorithm The receiver design incorporating PCM and PDC technology results in maximal thermal performance.

To convert invasive plants into hydrochar via hydrothermal carbonization is a 'kill two birds with one stone' strategy, perfectly aligning with the 3Rs – reduction, recycling, and reuse. In this research, a series of hydrochars (pristine, modified, and composite) were prepared from the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides (AP) to explore their capacity for adsorbing and co-adsorbing heavy metals (Pb(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), and Ni(II)). The MIL-53(Fe)-NH2-magnetic hydrochar composite (M-HBAP) demonstrated a significant affinity towards heavy metals (HMs). The maximum adsorption capacities observed for various HMs were 15380 mg/g (Pb(II)), 14477 mg/g (Cr(VI)), 8058 mg/g (Cd(II)), 7862 mg/g (Cu(II)), 5039 mg/g (Zn(II)), and 5283 mg/g (Ni(II)), respectively, under the specified conditions (c0=200 mg/L, t=24 hours, T=25°C, and pH=5.2-6.5). see more Hydrochar's dispersion in water within 0.12 seconds, a property attributable to the enhanced surface hydrophilicity induced by MIL-53(Fe)-NH2 doping, highlights its superior dispersibility compared to both pristine hydrochar (BAP) and amine-functionalized magnetic modified hydrochar (HBAP). Subsequently, the BET surface area of BAP experienced enhancement, escalating from 563 to 6410 m²/g after the application of MIL-53(Fe)-NH2. Citric acid medium response protein The adsorption capability of M-HBAP is robust in the presence of a single heavy metal (52-153 mg/g), but this effect is drastically reduced (17-62 mg/g) in systems containing multiple heavy metals, due to competitive adsorption processes. Chromium(VI) exhibits potent electrostatic interactions with M-HBAP, while lead(II) undergoes chemical precipitation reactions with calcium oxalate on the surface of M-HBAP. Other heavy metals interact with the surface functional groups of M-HBAP, participating in complexation and ion exchange processes. Furthermore, five adsorption-desorption cycle experiments and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) curves demonstrated the practicality of the M-HBAP application.

This paper analyzes a supply chain where a manufacturer with constrained capital and a retailer with ample financial resources are integrated. Using Stackelberg game theory, we examine the optimized strategies of manufacturers and retailers for bank financing, zero-interest early payment financing, and internal factoring finance, analyzing the different scenarios of normal operations and carbon neutrality. Manufacturers, in pursuit of carbon neutrality, are prompted by numerical analysis to adopt internal financing methods in preference to external ones, given improvements in emission reduction efficiency. Carbon emission trading prices are a critical determinant of how green sensitivity impacts the profitability of a supply chain. In the context of environmentally responsible product design and emission reduction, manufacturer financing choices are swayed by the price of carbon emission trading schemes, rather than by the simple fact of meeting or exceeding emission standards. Higher prices present an advantage for internal financing, yet restrict the availability of external financing.

The complex interaction between human actions, resource availability, and environmental resilience has become a major obstacle to achieving sustainable development, notably in rural communities impacted by the expansion of urban centers. Assessing the carrying capacity of rural ecosystems, given the immense strain on resources and the environment, is crucial for determining if human activities are within sustainable limits. Focusing on Liyang county's rural communities, this study seeks to determine the carrying capacity of rural resources and the environment (RRECC) and diagnose its major obstacles. Utilizing a social-ecological framework that centers on human-environmental interaction, the RRECC indicator system was established in the beginning. Later, the RRECC's performance was assessed using the entropy-TOPSIS methodology. Ultimately, the method of diagnosing obstacles was employed to pinpoint the crucial impediments within RRECC. The spatial distribution of RRECC, as revealed by our findings, exhibits significant heterogeneity, with a concentration of high and medium-high level villages primarily situated in the southerly portion of the study area, characterized by abundant hills and ecological lakes. In each town, medium-level villages are spread out, whereas low and medium-low level villages are grouped together across all towns. In addition, RRECC's resource subsystem (RRECC RS) shares a similar spatial distribution with RRECC, while RRECC's outcome subsystem (RRECC OS) exhibits a comparative distribution of various levels as seen in RRECC. Consequently, the diagnostic findings regarding key obstacles display variability between analyses performed at the town level, separated by administrative units, and those at the regional level, categorized according to RRECC metrics. At the town level, the foremost obstacle is the encroachment of construction on arable land; meanwhile, at the regional level, the key hindrances include the displacement of impoverished villagers, the 'left-behind' population, and the conversion of agricultural land to construction purposes. Regional improvement strategies for RRECC, differentiated and targeted, are outlined, considering global, local, and individual factors. This research forms a theoretical basis for assessing RRECC and crafting differentiated sustainable development strategies that guide rural revitalization efforts.

The research intends to improve the energy performance of photovoltaic modules within the Ghardaia region of Algeria, employing the additive phase change material CaCl2·6H2O. The experimental setup has been configured to efficiently cool the PV module, specifically by lowering the temperature of its rear surface. The operating temperature, output power, and electrical efficiency of the PV module, with and without phase change material (PCM), have been charted and examined. Through experimentation, it was discovered that incorporating phase change materials leads to a boost in the energy performance and output power of PV modules, accomplishing this by decreasing the operating temperature. PV-PCM modules exhibit a substantial reduction in average operating temperature, reaching up to 20 degrees Celsius lower than standard PV modules without PCM. The inclusion of PCM in PV modules leads to an average increase of 6% in electrical efficiency, as compared to modules without PCM.

Two-dimensional MXene, featuring a layered structure, has recently emerged as a nanomaterial with captivating characteristics and wide-ranging potential applications. The adsorption behavior of a newly developed magnetic MXene (MX/Fe3O4) nanocomposite, prepared using a solvothermal technique, was investigated to assess its efficiency in removing Hg(II) ions from an aqueous medium. To optimize the effects of adsorption parameters, including adsorbent dose, time, concentration, and pH, response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented. The experimental data correlated exceptionally well with the quadratic model's predicted optimum conditions for maximum Hg(II) ion removal efficiency. These conditions were: an adsorbent dose of 0.871 g/L, a contact time of 1036 minutes, a solution concentration of 4017 mg/L, and a pH of 65.