Two 16-week rat hepatocarcinogenesis assays were performed using a total of 790 male 17344 rats. In experiment 1, we evaluated the effects of concurrent treatment of a subcarcinogenic dose of DEN on rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by various doses of MelQx. In experiment 2, we determined hepatocarcinogenicities of combinations of MelQx and DEN at subcarcinogenic doses, low carcinogenic doses and high carcinogenic doses. Quantitative analyses of glutathione

S-transferase www.selleckchem.com/products/ew-7197.html placental form (GST-P)-positive foci, a preneoplastic lesion of the liver in rats, revealed that concurrent treatment with subcarcinogenic doses of DEN BLZ945 inhibitor did not enhance MelQx-induced rat hepatocarcinogenicity. We also found that concurrent treatment with combinations of subcarcinogenic doses of DEN and MelQx was not hepatocarcinogenic, indicating that the combined effects of subcarcinogenic doses of DEN and MelQx were neither additive nor synergistic. Moreover, concurrent treatment with low carcinogenic doses of these 2 carcinogens did not show additive or synergistic effects. Synergetic effects were observed only in rats coadministered high carcinogenic

doses of the 2 carcinogens. These results demonstrate the existence of no effect levels of combinations of these 2 genotoxic hepatocarcinogens, and provide new evidence supporting our INK 128 idea that there is a threshold, at least a practical threshold, that should be considered when evaluating the risk of genotoxic carcinogens. (DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.209;

J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25: 209-214)”
“OBJECTIVES: To correlate the importance of the ankle-brachial index in terms of cardiovascular morbimortality and the extent of coronary arterial disease amongst elderly patients without clinical manifestations of lower limb peripheral arterial disease.

METHODS: We analyzed prospective data from 100 patients over 65 years of age with coronary arterial disease, as confirmed by coronary angiography, and with over 70% stenosis of at least one sub-epicardial coronary artery. We measured the ankle-brachial index immediately after coronary angiography, and a value of <0.9 was used to diagnose peripheral arterial disease.

RESULTS: The patients’ average age was 77.4 years. The most prevalent risk factor was hypertension (96%), and the median late follow-up appointment was 28.9 months. The ankle-brachial index was <0.9 in 47% of the patients, and a low index was more prevalent in patients with multiarterial coronary disease compared to patients with uniarterial disease in the same group. Using a bivariate analysis, only an ankle-brachial index of,0.