The micromeritic properties of agglomerates such as flowability, packability and compatibility were dramatically improved, resulting in successful direct tableting. The main factor in the improvement of flowability and packability was due to their spherical shapes and smooth surfaces. The agglomerates have shown improved in ZD1839 chemical structure vitro drug release performance comparable with untreated zaltoprofen. Therefore, from the above it can be concluded that spherical crystallization is

a tool of particle engineering, which can transform the poorly flowable drug powders into spherical crystals, those are best suited for direct compression. The conversion of poorly flowable powders into spherical agglomerates

enhances the speed of tableting because of elimination of most of steps, which required in the wet granulation and in dry granulation process. All authors have none to declare. “
“Breast milk is the natural first food of babies and provides all the energy and nutrients that infant needs for first months of life.1 Lactation is the process of milk formation or secretion in the breasts during the period following child birth referred as breastfeeding or nursing.2 For offspring breastfeeding confers protection against both under nutrition and over nutrition during early childhood and may lower risk of developing obesity, hypertension, coronary CDK inhibitor vascular disease, diabetes later in life. Therefore breastfeeding is recommended as a preferred method of infant feeding for the first year of life or longer and exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for first six months.3 Lactogenesis or the mode of formation of milk is divided into two stages. Lactogenesis-I occurs during pregnancy and is the initiation of the synthetic capacity of the mammary glands. Lactogenesis-II commences after delivery

and is the initiation of plentiful milk secretion.4 Time to lactogenesis is defined as the number of hours between delivery and the time that the sign of a surge in milk production is first observed.5 If the onset of lactogenesis occurs 72 h postpartum it is defined as delayed.6 and 7 A significant delay in lactogenesis out may adversely influence the lactation. Some of the suggested risk factors for delayed or failed lactogenesis-II are primiparity; maternal obesity; medical conditions – gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy induced hypertension, hypothyroidism; stressful labor and delivery; unscheduled cesarean section8; delayed first breastfeed episode; low prenatal breastfeeding frequency; and breast surgery or injury.2 Breastfeeding should begin as soon as possible after birth and should continue every 2–3 h.9 Studies have shown that maternal age had no relation to lactogenesis time.